A runner collapses at a marathon event in a hot, humid climate and is brought to the medical tent. Symptoms include weakness, sunken eyes, and a rapid heartbeat. What is the most immediate course of action?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oral rehydration salts. This is the most immediate course of action because the runner is likely experiencing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance due to the hot and humid climate. Oral rehydration salts will help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes quickly. Providing plain water (choice B) may not be sufficient to address the electrolyte imbalance. Beginning intravenous fluid therapy (choice C) is not necessary at this stage unless the runner is in severe condition. Cooling the patient with ice packs and fans (choice D) may help with heat exhaustion but does not address the underlying issue of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A serious infection and fever increase metabolic rate due to the body's response to illness, requiring nutritional support.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Low-carb diets can lead to ketosis, where the body burns fat for fuel, producing ketones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anorexia is defined as a lack of appetite, not to be confused with anorexia nervosa.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Medications can affect nutrition (e.g., appetite, absorption), making this key for assessment.