A resident refuses to believe his roommate has died. He continues to talk to staff members and family and friends as if the roommate were still alive. Which defense mechanism is this example illustrating?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Denial. Denial is a defense mechanism where individuals refuse to accept reality or facts that are too uncomfortable to acknowledge. In this case, the resident is refusing to believe his roommate has died, which is a clear example of denial. Repression involves unconsciously blocking out distressing thoughts or memories. Projection involves attributing one's own thoughts or feelings to others. Displacement involves redirecting emotions from the original source to a substitute target. None of these mechanisms fully explain the resident's behavior in this scenario, making denial the most suitable choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Opthalmoscope. During a physical exam, an opthalmoscope is used to examine the eyes. It allows the healthcare provider to view the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels in the eye. This equipment is essential for assessing eye health and detecting any abnormalities. Rationale: - A: Microscope is used for examining samples at a microscopic level, not typically used during a physical exam. - C: Endoscope is used for internal examinations like colonoscopy, not typically used in routine physical exams. - D: Kaleidoscope is a toy and not a medical instrument used in physical exams.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sure! The correct answer is D: A draw sheet. A draw sheet is a thin, protective sheet placed under a patient to reduce friction and shearing forces when moving them in bed. It prevents skin damage and discomfort. A rubber sheet (A) is not specifically designed for reducing shearing forces. A bottom sheet (B) and a top sheet (C) are regular bed linens and do not provide the same level of protection against shearing as a draw sheet. The draw sheet is the most appropriate choice for preventing shearing in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Air in the lungs. A stethoscope is used to listen to sounds produced by the body, such as heartbeats and lung sounds. By placing the stethoscope on the chest, one can hear the air moving in and out of the lungs during breathing. This is important for assessing respiratory health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a stethoscope is not used to listen to urine flow, body temperature, or blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chyme. Chyme is a semi-fluid substance formed from the breakdown of food in the stomach. It consists of partially digested food mixed with gastric juices. Calculi are stones formed in the body, not a product of food breakdown. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue, not a stomach product. Emesis refers to vomiting, which is the expulsion of stomach contents, not a product of food breakdown. Thus, chyme is the only choice that accurately describes a substance resulting from the breakdown of food in the stomach.