A resident refuses to believe his roommate has died. He continues to talk to staff members and family and friends as if the roommate were still alive. Which defense mechanism is this example illustrating?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Denial. Denial is a defense mechanism where an individual refuses to accept reality or facts. In this scenario, the resident is denying the death of his roommate by continuing to interact with others as if the roommate is alive. Repression involves unconsciously blocking out unpleasant thoughts, which is not the case here. Projection involves attributing one's own thoughts or feelings to someone else. Displacement is transferring emotions from one target to another, which is not applicable in this situation. The resident's behavior aligns most closely with denial, as he is refusing to acknowledge the reality of his roommate's death.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Opthalmoscope. This equipment is used to examine the eyes during a physical exam. It helps to assess the health of the eyes and detect any abnormalities. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Microscope is used for viewing small objects at high magnification. C: Endoscope is used for internal examination of organs or cavities. D: Kaleidoscope is a toy that creates colorful patterns for entertainment, not for medical examinations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: A draw sheet. A draw sheet is a protective layer placed between the patient and the bedsheet to reduce friction and shearing forces during movement. It allows for easier repositioning of the patient without causing skin damage. A: A rubber sheet is not typically used for reducing friction or shearing forces in healthcare settings. B: A bottom sheet is the regular bedsheet and does not provide the necessary protection against shearing. C: A top sheet is also a regular bedsheet and does not offer the same benefits as a draw sheet in preventing shearing. In summary, the draw sheet is the most suitable choice as it specifically addresses the issue of shearing and helps protect the patient's skin during movement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Air in the lungs. A stethoscope is used to listen to sounds produced by the body, including breath sounds. Lung sounds can provide important information about a person's respiratory health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a stethoscope is not used to listen to urine flow, body temperature, or blood pressure. Urine flow is assessed through other methods like urinalysis, body temperature is measured using a thermometer, and blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chyme. Chyme is a semi-fluid substance produced in the stomach through the breakdown of food by gastric juices. It is then passed into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption. Calculi are solid concretions formed in the body, not related to stomach digestion. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue, and emesis refers to the act of vomiting, not a substance produced in the stomach. Therefore, based on the process of food digestion in the stomach, Chyme is the most appropriate answer.