Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: beneficence. Beneficence refers to the ethical principle of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm in research. In this scenario, the researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with the survey of college sophomores. By considering the well-being of the research participants and ensuring that the benefits outweigh any potential risks, the researcher demonstrated the application of beneficence. Summary: Choice A is correct because it aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence in research. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the consideration of risks and benefits in research involving human participants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: industrial union. Industrial unions represent all workers in a particular industry regardless of their specific job roles, providing collective bargaining power for a broader group. In this scenario, the RNs seeking union representation aim to include nonlicensed personnel and non-nursing employees, making an industrial union the most appropriate choice. A: Occupational union focuses on specific occupational groups, not as inclusive as industrial unions. C: Union shop refers to a workplace where all employees must join the union after being hired, not related to the scope of representation. D: Right-to-work bargaining organization allows employees to choose whether or not to join the union, not the strongest type of union for collective representation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Proactive care emphasizes prevention and early intervention. 2. The Quality Chasm report advocates for patient-centered care. 3. Being proactive ensures better health outcomes and lower costs. 4. Reactive care may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Summary: B: Focusing on common needs ignores individual preferences, contradicting patient-centered care. C: Limiting medical information to one provider is not patient-centered and hinders care coordination. D: Allowing specialized providers to control decisions may not consider the holistic needs of the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Negligence Rationale: 1. Negligence is the failure to provide the standard of care resulting in harm to the patient. 2. The nurse failed to report a significant change in the patient's condition, breaching the duty of care. 3. The increase in blood pressure could lead to serious complications, indicating the severity of negligence. Summary: B: Assault - Involves intentional threat or harm, not applicable in this scenario. C: Defamation of character - Involves false statements damaging reputation, not relevant in the context of patient care. D: Tort - A broader legal term encompassing various civil wrongs, but negligence is a specific type of tort applicable here.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because having margins of at least 0.5 inch on all four sides allows for a clear and organized presentation of information. By adhering to this guideline, the resume will appear neat and professional, making it easier for the recruiter to read and comprehend the content. This promotes conciseness by forcing the applicant to prioritize the most relevant achievements and information. The other choices are incorrect because using bright colored paper (B) may come across as unprofessional and distracting. Legal size paper (C) is not recommended as it deviates from the standard letter size and can make it difficult for the recruiter to handle and file the resume. Standardized cover letters (D) may appear generic and fail to highlight the unique qualifications and achievements of the applicant.