A registered nurse (RN) is caring for a patient who is one of Jehovah’s Witnesses and has refused a blood transfusion even though her hemoglobin is dangerously low. After providing information about all the alternatives available and risks and benefits of each, the health-care provider allows the patient to determine which course of treatment she would prefer. The RN knows this is an example of which ethical principle?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Autonomy. Autonomy refers to the patient's right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, including the choice to refuse treatment. In this scenario, the healthcare provider respects the patient's autonomy by providing information and allowing her to make an informed decision, even if it goes against medical advice. This upholds the patient's right to self-determination and control over her own body. Summary: B: Nonmaleficence - This principle focuses on doing no harm to the patient, but in this case, respecting the patient's autonomy takes precedence. C: Beneficence - This principle involves acting in the patient's best interest, but in this scenario, respect for autonomy is the primary consideration. D: Distributive justice - This principle is about fair distribution of resources and care, which is not directly relevant to the patient's right to make decisions about her own treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because if the institution is unable to honor the patient's request, it can create a barrier to reaching an agreement in an ethical dilemma. If the institution cannot support the patient's wishes, it can lead to conflicting viewpoints and hinder consensus. In contrast, choices A, B, and C do not directly address the institutional aspect and are not as relevant to the primary reason for the inability to reach an agreement in this context. Choice A focuses on individual values, choice B emphasizes the patient's perspective, and choice C pertains to the nature of the dilemma itself rather than external factors like institutional limitations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because complaining about a nurse preceptor on social media and discussing their unprofessional characteristics can be considered libel if it damages the preceptor's reputation. This action violates professional and ethical standards by publicly criticizing a colleague. A: Snapping a selfie with a patient is a breach of patient privacy but not necessarily libel. B: Posting a positive review of the hospital is not libelous. C: Creating a closed forum to discuss clinical experiences without client information is not libelous as long as confidentiality is maintained.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Connecting with the public to encourage healthy behaviors. Social media can be used as a powerful tool to reach a large audience and promote positive health behaviors and choices. By engaging with the public through social media platforms, healthcare professionals can share valuable information, tips, and resources to encourage healthier lifestyles. This can lead to increased awareness, education, and motivation for individuals to make healthier choices. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while they may have some benefits, they do not directly address the potential benefit of using social media to encourage healthy behaviors in the general public.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: D is the correct answer because successful managers indeed play a key role in encouraging collaboration and teamwork to achieve common goals. Managers are responsible for overseeing tasks, guiding employees, and fostering a positive work environment. By encouraging teamwork, managers can enhance productivity and efficiency within the organization. A: Leadership focuses on inspiring and guiding others towards achieving organizational goals, not just solely achieving goals themselves. B: The ability to adapt is important for effective leadership, but it is not the defining characteristic. C: Management involves influencing others, but it is not solely about attempting to influence others; it also involves planning, organizing, and controlling resources.