A quick way to rid the body of excess H+ is to

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hyperventilation rids excess H blows off COâ‚‚, raising pH (e.g., respiratory alkalosis). Hypoventilation retains COâ‚‚ worsens. Urination is slow kidneys lag. Holding breath increases COâ‚‚ opposite. Hyperventilation's speed distinguishes it, key to acute pH correction, unlike retention or slow methods.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Glucose reabsorption occurs fully in proximal tubules e.g., SGLT transporters reclaim all (~180 g/day). Insulin aids uptake not tubular reabsorption. Metabolism doesn't vary it threshold fixed. Liver regulates blood glucose not tubules. PCT's complete reabsorption distinguishes it, critical for glucose retention, unlike hormonal or metabolic control.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ammonia (NH₃) is a nitrogenous waste e.g., distal tubule buffers H . Amino acids are reabsorbed not excreted. HNO₃⁻ (nitrate) isn't physiological false. Thionitrate isn't a compound nonsense. NH₃'s waste role distinguishes it, key to nitrogen excretion, unlike conserved or fictitious options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Inulin clearance estimates GFR e.g., fully filtered, not reabsorbed (~125 mL/min). Formula is UV/P U,F,P misdefined. Creatinine estimates GFR not plasma flow (PAH does). Parathormone increases phosphate clearance not decreases. Inulin's GFR role distinguishes it, critical for renal function, unlike formula or flow errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Loop of Henle is a tubule descending from cortex to medulla e.g., concentrates urine via countercurrent. Ureter is kidney-to-bladder not Loop. Micturition is urination unrelated. JG cells secrete renin not tubular. Medullary descent distinguishes it, critical for concentration, unlike transport or secretion.