A public health nurse has developed a research question and searched the literature for supporting

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Synthesizing the literature. In evidence-based decision-making, after conducting a literature search, the nurse needs to synthesize the information by compiling research findings and identifying trends in the data. This step involves analyzing and integrating the evidence to draw meaningful conclusions. Defining the problem (choice B) is the initial step before conducting a literature search. Appraising the literature (choice D) comes after synthesizing the information, where the nurse evaluates the quality and relevance of the studies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Qualitative. A qualitative study allows the nurse to explore and understand the experiences, perceptions, and behaviors of the immigrant group in depth. Through methods like interviews and observations, the nurse can gain rich insights into their cultural beliefs and health practices. In contrast, a randomized control study (B) focuses on comparing interventions, not on understanding experiences. Needs assessment (C) involves identifying community needs but may not capture the nuances of immigrant experiences. Quality improvement (D) aims to enhance processes and outcomes, not to explore subjective experiences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of integrating environmental health into nursing practice is to promote environmental justice. This involves addressing disparities in exposure to environmental hazards and ensuring equitable access to a healthy environment for all individuals. By prioritizing environmental justice, nurses can advocate for policies and practices that protect vulnerable populations and prevent environmental health risks. Improving health care infrastructure (A) focuses on healthcare facilities, not environmental health. Enhancing patient satisfaction (B) is important but not the primary goal of environmental health integration. Reducing healthcare costs (D) is a benefit but not the main purpose of addressing environmental health in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Nightingale's Environmental Theory emphasizes the importance of the environment in promoting patient recovery. Nurses following this theory focus on utilizing the client's environment to create a healing and supportive space. This involves ensuring cleanliness, proper lighting, ventilation, and overall comfort to aid in the recovery process. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly align with Nightingale's Environmental Theory. While these actions are important for environmental sustainability and justice, they do not specifically relate to how a nurse can apply Nightingale's theory in a clinical setting to promote patient well-being and recovery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Biomonitoring data. Biomonitoring involves assessing the presence of chemicals in biological samples like blood and urine to measure human exposure. It provides direct evidence of exposure levels and potential health risks. Toxicology data (A) focuses on the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Exposure assessments (C) involve evaluating the routes and levels of exposure to chemicals. Environmental burden (D) refers to the overall impact of environmental factors on health, not specific chemical presence in biological samples. Therefore, biomonitoring data is the most appropriate choice for assessing the presence of certain chemicals in blood and urine samples from a community.