ATI RN
Nursing Care of Vulnerable Populations Questions
Question 1 of 5
A public health nurse found that out of the 70 people who ate the potato salad at a school picnic, 63 developed symptoms of food poisoning. What is the attack rate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The attack rate is the proportion of people who became ill after exposure to a specific food item. In this case, the attack rate is calculated by dividing the number of people who developed symptoms (63) by the total number of people who ate the potato salad (70), then multiplying by 100 to get a percentage. Therefore, the correct answer is A (63%). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the attack rate calculated from the given data. Choice B (70%) is the total number of people who ate the potato salad, not the proportion who got sick. Choices C (90%) and D (100%) are higher than the total number of people who ate the salad, making them invalid attack rate percentages.
Question 2 of 5
What kind of prevention is a nurse implementing when advising a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. By advising the client to consume three servings of milk or dairy products daily, the nurse is aiming to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis in the first place. This falls under primary prevention, which focuses on preventing the disease before it occurs. The other choices are not correct because secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment to prevent the disease from progressing further, tertiary prevention focuses on managing the disease to prevent complications, and treatment without preventive measures does not fall under any prevention category.
Question 3 of 5
Persons in an auditorium might have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that they receive immediate treatment and not take the problem home to their families. What is the most important factor about the screening test used?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The sensitivity of the test. Sensitivity measures the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have the disease (true positives). In this case, identifying infected individuals accurately is crucial to prevent them from spreading the disease to their families. A high sensitivity ensures that those who are infected are not missed and can receive immediate treatment to prevent further transmission. Choice A (negative predictive value) is incorrect because it focuses on the proportion of negative results that are truly negative, which is not the primary concern in this scenario. Choice B (positive predictive value) is also incorrect as it measures the proportion of positive results that are truly positive, which is important but not as critical as identifying all infected individuals. Choice D (specificity of the test) is not the most important factor in this situation because it measures the ability of the test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease (true negatives), which is not the primary concern when dealing with a potential disease outbreak.
Question 4 of 5
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, what is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because a higher prevalence of the disease in one neighborhood could be due to specific cultural or ethnic factors that increase susceptibility to the illness. This could include differences in lifestyle, dietary habits, genetic predispositions, access to healthcare, or exposure to environmental risk factors within that community. This explanation aligns with the observed statistical data showing a cluster of cases in a specific neighborhood. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B (The geographic location of the neighborhood within the city) is not a sufficient explanation on its own as it does not directly address why there would be a higher prevalence of the disease in that particular neighborhood. Choice C (A statistical fluke without meaning) is unlikely given the clear pattern of significantly more cases in one specific area. Choice D (The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city) is irrelevant as the question states that all else is the same
Question 5 of 5
A principal comments to the school nurse that it seems there are a lot more problems with asthma among the students than there were before the school was remodeled and expanded a couple of years ago. The nurse decides to check on the principal's observation by reviewing all the school records to determine visits to the health office because of asthma by week and month for the past 5 years. What sort of study is the nurse doing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Descriptive epidemiological study. In this scenario, the nurse is conducting a study to describe the frequency and distribution of asthma-related health office visits among students over the past 5 years. This type of study aims to summarize data and identify patterns without making causal inferences. It helps in understanding the health issue's prevalence and trends within the school population. Choice B: Ecological study involves analyzing data at the group level, such as comparing different populations or locations. It is not applicable in this context as the focus is on individual health office visits. Choices C and D: Prospective and retrospective cohort studies involve following individuals over time to assess the relationship between an exposure and an outcome. Since the nurse is not following individuals longitudinally in this scenario, these choices are not relevant.