Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Justice. The student nurse's opinion aligns with the ethical principle of justice, which emphasizes fairness and equitable access to resources for all individuals. By advocating for equal access to mental health care for those in rural areas, without insurance, and with low income, the student is promoting the ethical principle of justice. Justice ensures that everyone has the opportunity to receive necessary care regardless of their circumstances. Nonmaleficence (A) focuses on avoiding harm, paternalism (B) involves making decisions for someone else's best interest without their consent, and veracity (C) pertains to truthfulness and honesty, which are not directly related to the student nurse's opinion on access to mental health care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Atheism. This is because atheism is the belief that there is no God or gods. When the patient states "God does not exist for me," it aligns with the definition of atheism. Animism (A) is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. Agnosticism (B) is the belief that the existence of God is unknown or unknowable, not a denial of God's existence. Polytheism (D) is the belief in multiple gods, which is not reflected in the patient's statement. In this case, the patient's statement directly corresponds to atheism, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nursing process. The nursing process is the systematic framework that guides nurses in providing individualized, holistic care. It involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. By integrating the nursing process into clinical decision-making, psychiatric-mental health nurses ensure comprehensive and effective care for their patients. Developmental issues (A) are important considerations in mental health nursing but do not serve as the foundation for clinical decision-making. Commitment (C) and accountability (D) are essential traits for nurses but do not directly influence the clinical decision-making process. The nursing process, with its structured approach, serves as the cornerstone for organizing and prioritizing care interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Axis I. Alcohol dependence is classified as a mental disorder and is considered part of Axis I in the DSM-IV-TR system. Axis I includes clinical disorders, such as substance use disorders, that are the primary focus of clinical attention. In this case, the patient's alcohol dependence and withdrawal symptoms are the main reason for her admission and treatment. Explanation of incorrect choices: B: Axis II focuses on personality disorders and mental retardation, which are not the primary concern in this scenario. C: Axis III pertains to general medical conditions that are relevant to the patient's mental health, but not the primary mental disorder itself. D: Axis IV involves psychosocial and environmental stressors, such as life events or problems, which are not the primary focus in this case of alcohol dependence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Madeleine Leininger is known for developing the theory of cultural care diversity and universality. 2. Leininger emphasized the importance of understanding and integrating cultural beliefs and practices into nursing care. 3. This theory is particularly relevant in psychiatric-mental health nursing to provide culturally sensitive care. 4. Sister Calista Roy developed the Adaptation Model, Hildegard Peplau the Interpersonal Relations Model, and Dorothea Orem the Self-Care Deficit Theory, which are not directly related to cultural care diversity and universality. Summary: Choice A is correct as Madeleine Leininger is the nursing theorist responsible for the theory of cultural care diversity and universality. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are associated with different nursing theories not focused on cultural care diversity and universality.