A psychiatric mental health nurse working in the community is planning an educational program for fifth and sixth grade teachers. Which of the following would the nurse include?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because discussing strategies to counteract the role media plays in encouraging eating disorders is crucial for promoting healthy body image and preventing eating disorders among students. Media portrayal of unrealistic body standards can negatively impact children's self-esteem and body image. By educating teachers on strategies to address these influences, they can help students develop a positive relationship with food and their bodies. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because: B: Focusing prevention efforts solely on female students overlooks the fact that eating disorders can affect individuals of all genders. C: Allowing students to eat without undue attention is important, but solely focusing on this aspect does not address the broader issue of media influence. D: Peer pressure can still be a significant factor in influencing behaviors, even among fifth and sixth-grade students. Dismissing its relevance can lead to overlooking important preventive measures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Onset before child is 2.5 years old. This is because autism spectrum disorder typically presents in early childhood, with symptoms becoming noticeable before the age of 2.5 years. Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes. A: Connection to ineffective parental practices is incorrect as autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic and environmental factors. B: Detection after the child enters school is incorrect as early signs of autism can be observed much earlier. D: Girls are more frequently affected than boys is incorrect as autism is diagnosed more frequently in boys than girls.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Permit the patient to gather his or her thoughts. Silence in communication allows the patient time to organize their thoughts and feelings before responding. This can lead to more meaningful and introspective dialogue. Choice A is incorrect because silence is not primarily used for the nurse to determine a response, but rather to facilitate patient expression. Choice C is incorrect as silence is meant to encourage patient self-reflection, not the nurse's. Choice D is incorrect as passive listening involves more than just remaining silent, it also requires attentiveness and nonverbal cues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hope. Hope is crucial in the recovery process as it motivates individuals to strive for a better future despite challenges. It instills optimism and belief in one's ability to overcome difficulties, which is essential in mental health recovery. Self-direction (A) and peer support (B) are important aspects of recovery but hope is foundational. Respect (C) is valuable but does not encompass the essence of fostering motivation and resilience like hope does in the recovery journey.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because caregivers who were neglected as children may have unresolved trauma, leading to higher likelihood of abusing older adults. Neglect in childhood can result in emotional issues, lack of empathy, and unhealthy coping mechanisms, increasing the risk of abusive behavior towards vulnerable individuals. Choice A (single male relative) does not have a direct correlation with increased risk of abuse. Choice C (caregiver under 30) is not necessarily indicative of abusive behavior. Choice D (little experience with the elderly) may lead to challenges in caregiving but does not inherently indicate a greater risk of abuse compared to a history of childhood neglect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1. ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting about 5-7% of children worldwide. 2. This prevalence makes choice A correct as it highlights the widespread occurrence of ADHD. 3. Choice B is incorrect as ADHD can persist into adulthood, affecting around 2-5% of adults. 4. Choice C is incorrect as medication is not the only treatment option, and it is not commonly prescribed for children under six due to potential side effects. 5. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with ADHD are at higher risk for accidents and injuries due to impulsivity and inattention. In summary, choice A is the correct statement as ADHD is indeed one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because discussing strategies to counteract the role media plays in encouraging eating disorders is crucial for promoting healthy body image and preventing eating disorders among students. Media portrayal of unrealistic body standards can negatively impact children's self-esteem and body image. By educating teachers on strategies to address these influences, they can help students develop a positive relationship with food and their bodies. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because: B: Focusing prevention efforts solely on female students overlooks the fact that eating disorders can affect individuals of all genders. C: Allowing students to eat without undue attention is important, but solely focusing on this aspect does not address the broader issue of media influence. D: Peer pressure can still be a significant factor in influencing behaviors, even among fifth and sixth-grade students. Dismissing its relevance can lead to overlooking important preventive measures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: compensation. In this scenario, the person is compensating for feelings of unattractiveness by emphasizing their intelligence. This defense mechanism aims to balance out perceived shortcomings in one area by highlighting strengths in another. Repression (A) involves unconsciously pushing thoughts or memories out of awareness. Devaluation (B) is reducing the importance or value of oneself or others. Identification (C) is adopting characteristics of another person or group. In this case, the person is not identifying with anyone but rather compensating for perceived inadequacies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Superego. The superego is the part of the personality that represents internalized societal and parental standards, values, and morals. When a child is rewarded and praised for positive behaviors such as helping others and being polite, these qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of the child's superego. The superego guides the individual towards moral and ethical behavior. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The id is the instinctual and impulsive part of the personality, the ego is the rational and reality-oriented part, and the preconscious contains thoughts and memories that are not currently in awareness.