A psychiatric-mental health nurse is working with a female client who has been a victim of abuse to foster a sense of empowerment and build relationships that are mutually satisfying. The nurse is incorporating the work of which theorist?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Jean Baker Miller (1927-2006) conceptualized female development within the context of experiences and relationships. The Miller relational model views the central organizing feature of women's development as a sense of connection to others. The goal of development is to increase a woman's ability to build and enlarge mutually enhancing relationships. With Neuman's model, the key components are a client system (physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, spiritual) interacting with the environment. The wholistic model can be applied to prevention and treatment. Hildegarde Peplau (1909-1999) introduced the first systematic theoretic framework for psychiatric nursing and focused on the nurse-patient relationship. Self-care is the focus of the general theory of nursing initiated by Dorothea Orem.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Persona is a concept developed by Carl Jung and describes the behavior of what a person appears to be to others in contrast to how the client really is—this is similar to being an actress or actor and assuming a role with this. Unconditional positive regard relates to a nonjudgmental caring for the client so is more related to how others treat the client versus view the client. Operant behavior involves conditioning and relates to having a stimulus that causes a reaction. Modeling involves internalizing behaviors of others so this would not relate to how the client wants to be seen but what the client is doing to change their behavior.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the most important concept for the nurse to consider when performing discharge planning for a client returning home to live with family members is family dynamics (Option A). Understanding the dynamics within the family unit is crucial as it directly impacts the client's well-being and ability to adhere to health protective behaviors. Family dynamics influence communication patterns, decision-making processes, conflict resolution strategies, and overall support available to the client. By assessing these dynamics, the nurse can identify potential sources of stress, conflicts, or lack of support that may hinder the client's recovery and adherence to health recommendations. Option B, formal support system, while important, may not be as immediately impactful as family dynamics in this specific context. The primary support system for most individuals is their family, and tapping into this resource effectively is key to successful discharge planning. Options C and D, transference and modeling, are not directly relevant to the immediate consideration of the client's needs in the context of returning home to live with family members. Transference refers to a psychological concept related to the client's feelings towards the nurse, while modeling pertains to observational learning, which is not the primary concern during discharge planning in this situation. In an educational context, understanding the significance of family dynamics in healthcare settings is essential for nurses to provide holistic and patient-centered care. By recognizing and addressing family dynamics, nurses can better support their clients in transitioning back to their home environment and promote positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the most important assessment based on Peplau's theory for the nurse to determine the client's readiness to learn is option A) Client's level of anxiety. Peplau's theory emphasizes the significance of the nurse-client relationship and the client's emotional state in the learning process. Assessing the client's anxiety level is crucial because high anxiety can impede the client's ability to focus, comprehend, and retain information. By addressing and reducing anxiety, the nurse can create a conducive environment for effective teaching and learning to take place. Option B) Client's current level of self-care is less relevant in this context as it pertains more to the client's physical abilities rather than their emotional readiness to learn. Option C) Client's nonverbal communication and Option D) Client's current communication skills are important aspects of the nurse-client relationship, but they are secondary to assessing anxiety when considering readiness to learn. In an educational context, understanding Peplau's theory helps nurses tailor their approach to teaching and interacting with clients. By recognizing the influence of emotions on learning, nurses can better support clients in their health education journey.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer, A) Returning the child to the school immediately with family support, is the most appropriate approach to treating school phobia. This is because school phobia, also known as school refusal, is a complex issue that often requires a systematic and gradual reintegration process. By returning the child to school immediately with family support, the child is encouraged to confront their fears in a supportive environment. This approach helps the child learn coping strategies and gradually normalize their school attendance. Option B) Calmly explaining why attendance in school is necessary, while important in addressing the child's concerns, may not be sufficient on its own to alleviate the anxiety and distress associated with school phobia. Simply explaining the importance of school attendance may not address the underlying emotional and psychological factors contributing to the phobia. Option C) Allowing the child to enter the school before the other children may provide some temporary relief for the child by minimizing social interactions, but it does not address the root causes of school phobia or help the child develop the necessary skills to overcome their fears. Option D) Allowing the parent to accompany the child in the classroom may provide immediate comfort for the child, but it can inadvertently reinforce the child's dependence on the parent and hinder their ability to independently navigate school-related challenges. In an educational context, understanding the complexities of school phobia and how to effectively address it is crucial for educators, school counselors, and parents. Collaborative efforts involving school personnel, mental health professionals, and families are often necessary to create a comprehensive plan to support the child in overcoming school phobia and promoting their overall well-being and academic success.