A profession is characterized by the following except:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A profession is characterized by having a body of knowledge, a code of ethics, and engaging in research. However, being a member of a professional organization is not a defining characteristic of a profession. While many professionals may choose to join professional organizations for networking, support, and career advancement reasons, membership in such organizations is not universally required or exclusive to being considered a professional in a particular field. Hence, the presence or absence of professional organization membership does not determine the professional status of an individual.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a conscious trauma patient with a suspected head injury, maintaining cervical spine immobilization is crucial. The presence of a head injury raises concerns for potential concomitant cervical spine injury. Therefore, it is vital to prevent any movement of the cervical spine to avoid exacerbating a potential spinal cord injury. Maintaining immobilization involves stabilizing the patient's head and neck in a neutral position until appropriate imaging studies can assess the extent of any spinal injury. This action helps prevent further harm and ensures the safety of the patient during assessment and management of their injuries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The first priority for a nurse caring for a patient experiencing a seizure is safety. Ensuring the safety of the patient is crucial to prevent injury during the seizure episode. This includes clearing the area around the patient of any harmful objects, preventing the patient from falling or hitting their head, placing them in a safe position to prevent aspiration if they vomit, and staying with the patient until the seizure ends. Once the patient is safe, the nurse can then focus on other aspects of care such as assessing airway, providing emotional support, and monitoring for complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for a patient with difficulty swallowing due to end-stage ALS and concerns about choking is to refer the patient to a speech therapist for swallowing exercises and techniques (Choice B). Speech therapists are trained to assess and manage swallowing difficulties in patients, especially those with neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. They can provide specific exercises and strategies to help the patient swallow safely and reduce the risk of choking. This intervention focuses on addressing the underlying issue causing the difficulty swallowing and aims to improve the patient's quality of life by enhancing their ability to eat and drink. The other options are not as effective or appropriate in addressing the patient's concerns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome, presents with symptoms similar to acute coronary syndrome, such as chest pain and ECG changes. In Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, chest pain typically occurs during emotional stress and resolves spontaneously, similar to the scenario described in the question. The ECG may show transient ST-segment elevation. This condition is characterized by a reversible left ventricular dysfunction that can mimic a myocardial infarction. Unlike stable angina (Choice A) and unstable angina (Choice B), Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is not related to coronary artery disease. Acute myocardial infarction (Choice C) typically presents with persistent ST-segment elevation on ECG and is caused by atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to myocardial infarction, which is not consistent with the transient ST-segment elevation seen in

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When collecting evidence from a rape victim, it is important to handle the victim's clothing properly to preserve any potential evidence. The preferred method is to remove the clothing and place them in a paper bag. Paper bags are used in order to prevent the alteration or degradation of any DNA evidence that may be present on the clothing. Paper bags allow the clothing to breathe and prevent the growth of mold or other contaminants that can occur in plastic bags or trash bags. Additionally, paper bags help preserve trace evidence such as fibers or hairs that may be crucial in the investigation of the case. It is essential to handle and store the clothing correctly to maintain the integrity of the evidence for the investigation and potential prosecution.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Option A indicates an understanding of the normal psychosocial development of preschoolers. It reflects the fact that during this stage, children may demonstrate frustration and have temper tantrums as they strive for independence and attempt to do things by themselves. This behavior is a common part of their development as they learn self-control, autonomy, and decision-making skills. The other options do not directly relate to normal preschooler development but rather touch upon separate issues such as separation anxiety, possessiveness, and social behaviors that are not necessarily abnormal for preschoolers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Autonomy is the ethical principle that upholds an individual's right to make decisions about their own medical treatment, free from coercion or undue influence. In this scenario, the 70-year-old patient has voluntarily decided not to have the pacemaker inserted despite the physician's recommendation. The fact that the decision is respected by the family further highlights the importance of autonomy in this situation. Respecting the patient's right to make choices regarding their own healthcare, even if it goes against medical advice, demonstrates a commitment to autonomy as an ethical principle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Uterine hyperstimulation, also known as tachysystole, is a condition characterized by frequent and intense uterine contractions with minimal rest intervals. This can lead to maternal fatigue and decreased fetal oxygenation due to the insufficient time for the uterus to relax and refill with oxygenated blood between contractions. Uterine hyperstimulation can be caused by various factors such as excessive use of uterotonics (oxytocin or prostaglandins), improper labor induction techniques, or maternal conditions like previous uterine surgery. It is essential for the nurse to assess for signs of uterine hyperstimulation and take appropriate interventions to prevent potential complications for both the mother and the baby.