A primigravida is instructed to offer her breast to the baby for the first time within 30 minutes affer delivery. What is the purpose of offering the breast this early?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To make sure that the baby is able to get the colostrum. Rationale: 1. Colostrum is the early milk produced by the mammary glands after birth, rich in antibodies and vital nutrients. 2. Offering the breast within 30 minutes ensures that the baby receives this essential colostrum. 3. It kickstarts breastfeeding and provides the baby with important immune protection. 4. Options A and B are incorrect as milk letdown and production are not immediate after birth. 5. Option D is incorrect as the primary focus is on the baby receiving colostrum, not on practice or presence of a health worker.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (6 hours) because after reconstitution, the BCG vaccine loses its potency and effectiveness over time due to bacterial degradation. It is crucial to discard any unused BCG vaccine within 6 hours to ensure its efficacy. Choice A (2 hours) and B (4 hours) are too short of a time frame for the vaccine to remain stable and effective. Choice D (At the end of the day) is vague and does not provide a specific timeframe, which could lead to the vaccine being kept for too long, risking its efficacy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BCG. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for tuberculosis is administered through intradermal injection, which often results in a permanent scar due to the formation of a small blister and subsequent scabbing. DPT (A), Measles vaccination (C), and Hepatitis B vaccination (D) are typically administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, which do not usually leave permanent scars. The scarring left by BCG vaccination is a distinctive feature that can help identify individuals who have received this specific immunization.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because seizures following DPT1 indicate a serious adverse reaction, making it unsafe to administer DPT 2. Seizures are a contraindication for further DPT vaccines due to the risk of exacerbating neurological complications. Choices B, C, and D do not pose as immediate contraindications for giving DPT 2, as fever, abscess formation, and local tenderness are common and less severe reactions to the vaccine. Therefore, A is the correct choice based on safety concerns and potential harm to the infant.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because using the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines, the respiratory rate of a 4-month-old infant is crucial in determining the severity of illness. IMCI guidelines help classify respiratory rates as fast, normal, or slow based on age-specific ranges. By following these guidelines, healthcare providers can accurately assess the infant's respiratory status and provide appropriate interventions. Choice B is incorrect as simply stating "fast" does not provide a standardized assessment based on guidelines. Choice C is incorrect as labeling the respiratory rate as "slow" without reference to guidelines can lead to misinterpretation. Choice D is incorrect as it does not specify the assessment based on IMCI guidelines, which are essential for accurate evaluation in pediatric cases.