A primary nursing responsibility is the prevention of lung cancer by assisting patients in smoking/tobacco cessation. Which task would be appropriate to delegate to the LPN/LVN?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and nursing practice, the correct answer, option C, which is "Explain the application of a nicotine patch," is the most appropriate task to delegate to the LPN/LVN. This is because the LPN/LVN, under the guidance of the RN or healthcare provider, can provide education on the proper application of a nicotine patch as part of a smoking cessation plan. LPNs/LVNs are trained to provide patient education and support in various healthcare interventions. Option A, developing a 'quit plan,' involves a higher level of assessment and critical thinking, which is typically within the scope of practice of an RN. Option B, discussing strategies to avoid relapse, requires a deeper understanding of behavioral interventions and psychological support, which is also more suitable for an RN. Option D, suggesting ways to deal with urges for tobacco, involves ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the patient's progress in smoking cessation, which is best managed by an RN. By delegating the task of explaining the application of a nicotine patch to the LPN/LVN, the RN can allocate responsibilities effectively, ensuring that each team member works within their scope of practice to provide comprehensive care to patients. This educational context emphasizes the importance of understanding delegation principles in nursing practice to optimize patient outcomes and promote efficient teamwork among healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical nursing, understanding the common causes of death in older patients is crucial for providing optimal care. The correct answer to this question is C) Coronary artery disease. This is the leading cause of death in individuals aged 65 and older due to the progressive buildup of plaque in the arteries supplying the heart, leading to complications such as heart attacks and heart failure. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options for coronary artery disease is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive care to their patients. Option A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults, but it is not the most common cause of death in this age group. While COPD can lead to respiratory failure and exacerbations that are life-threatening, coronary artery disease has a higher mortality rate. Option B) Breast cancer is a significant health concern, particularly in women, but it is not the most common cause of death in patients aged 65 and older. Breast cancer can be aggressive and fatal, but overall cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, pose a greater threat in this age group. Option D) Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects many older adults, leading to cognitive decline and functional impairment. While Alzheimer's disease can significantly impact quality of life and longevity, it is not the primary cause of death in individuals aged 65 and older. Coronary artery disease, with its direct impact on heart function and circulation, is more likely to lead to fatal outcomes in this population. By understanding the prevalence of coronary artery disease as the leading cause of death in older patients, nurses can emphasize preventive measures, patient education on lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and early recognition of symptoms to improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality rates associated with this condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical nursing, understanding sexual function in older adults is crucial for providing holistic care. The correct answer, B) Slower arousal and reaction times are normal signs of aging, is supported by physiological changes that occur with aging. As people age, there is a natural decline in hormone levels and a decrease in blood flow, which can result in slower arousal and reaction times. This decline in sexual function is a normal part of the aging process and does not necessarily indicate dysfunction. Option A, stating that impotence is an inevitable consequence of aging, is incorrect. While changes in sexual function do occur with age, impotence is not inevitable and can often be managed through various treatments and lifestyle modifications. Option C, suggesting that moderate alcohol consumption can improve sexual dysfunction, is also incorrect. Alcohol consumption can actually exacerbate sexual dysfunction and should be limited, especially in older adults who may be more susceptible to its negative effects. Option D, claiming that hormonal replacements are necessary for sexual satisfaction, is not universally true. While hormonal changes can impact sexual function, not all individuals require hormonal replacements for sexual satisfaction. Treatment plans should be individualized based on a thorough assessment of the patient's specific needs and health status. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the normal physiological changes that occur with aging and the need to dispel myths and misconceptions about sexual function in older adults. By providing accurate information, healthcare professionals can offer appropriate support and interventions to promote sexual health and well-being in this population.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and medical-surgical nursing, providing individual and group counseling is the most important nutritional instruction for stress-prone clients. This is because stress can significantly impact an individual's nutritional intake and overall health. Counseling can help clients manage stress, develop healthy coping mechanisms, and improve their eating habits. Option B, providing books on psychobiologic illness, may offer valuable information but may not address the specific nutritional needs of stress-prone clients. Option C, providing entertainment regularly, fails to address the root cause of stress and may serve as a temporary distraction rather than a long-term solution. Option D, providing family counseling, while important for overall well-being, may not directly address the individual needs and coping strategies required for managing stress-related nutritional issues. By focusing on counseling, clients can learn how to make informed dietary choices, manage stress-related eating patterns, and improve their overall well-being. This educational context emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to patient care, integrating pharmacological knowledge with psychological and nutritional interventions to promote optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding neurotransmitters is crucial for comprehending their roles in various physiological functions. The correct answer to the question, "Which neurotransmitter influences movement, memory, thoughts, and judgment?" is B) Dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in multiple brain functions. In relation to the given question, dopamine is associated with regulating movement, cognition, emotional responses, motivation, and reinforcement of rewarding behaviors. It is particularly important in controlling voluntary movement, memory formation, cognitive processes, and executive functions like judgment and decision-making. A) Norepinephrine primarily functions as a stress hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the body's "fight or flight" response. While it does affect mood and cognition, it is not primarily responsible for the functions mentioned in the question. C) Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is crucial for the body's response to stress and emergency situations. It primarily influences the body's physiological responses to stress rather than cognitive functions like memory and judgment. D) Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. While it plays a role in some cognitive functions, it is not the primary neurotransmitter influencing movement, memory, thoughts, and judgment as described in the question. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding specific neurotransmitters and their roles in different aspects of brain function. It emphasizes the significance of dopamine in complex cognitive processes and how its dysfunction can lead to various neurological and psychiatric disorders. This knowledge is essential for healthcare professionals, especially in fields like nursing, where understanding pharmacology can inform patient care and treatment strategies.