ATI RN
Hematology Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A previously healthy 10-month-old boy develops pallor over 2 weeks. Examination is unremarkable except for pallor. Lab tests includes: hemoglobin, 4.9 g/dL; WBC, 6700/mm3; platelets count, 180000/mm3; MCV, 79 fL; reticulocyte count 0.8%; hemoglobin electrophoresis, normal. Of the following, the MOST likely cause for these findings is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Severe anemia (Hb 4.9 g/dL), low reticulocytes (0.8%), and normal MCV at 10 months suggest TEC (B), a common self-limiting condition. Pure red cell aplasia (A) is rarer, thalassemia (C) is microcytic, aplastic anemia (D) affects all lines, and parvovirus (E) typically affects hemolytic states.
Question 2 of 5
You are explaining the risk of sepsis after splenectomy to medical students. An important statement that should be included during this discussion is that risk is especially high in children
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sepsis risk post-splenectomy is highest in chronic ITP (C) due to underlying immune dysfunction, more than age (A), HS (B), trauma (D), or Hodgkin (E), though all carry risk.
Question 3 of 5
A 5-year-old child has multiple bruises on her extremities and oral mucosal bleeding of 3 days duration; she had a mild respiratory tract infection 2 weeks before; physical examination was normal apart from multiple ecchymoses and petechiae. Of the following, the NEXT diagnostic step is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-viral bruising and mucosal bleeding suggest ITP. CBC (A) confirms thrombocytopenia, the next step before PT (B), BT (C), PTT (D), or ANA (E), which assess other causes.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-year-old male child develops hematoma and bruising of his right hand next day after falling on the ground; the mother stated that her child has a poor wound healing and a history of delayed umbilical separation during the neonatal period. Of the following, the MOST valuable test for this case is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bruising, poor healing, and delayed umbilical separation suggest factor XIII deficiency. Clot solubility test (E) screens for this, more specific than BT (A), PTT (B), PT (C), or TT (D).
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the best treatment for a 5-year-old girl with acute immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and platelets count of $30,000 / \mathrm{ml}$ and mild petechial rash all over her body?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute ITP with platelets 30,000/mL and mild petechiae often resolves spontaneously (E), especially without severe bleeding, unlike IVIG (A), anti-D (B), steroids (C), or transfusion (D).