A preterm newborn, after spending 8 weeks in the NICU, is being discharged. The parents of the newborn express apprehension and worry that the newborn may still be in danger. How should the nurse interpret these statements?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: It is normal for parents of preterm newborns who have spent time in the NICU to express apprehension and worry upon discharge. The NICU experience can be stressful and overwhelming for families, and it is common for parents to feel anxious about taking their newborn home. The nurse should provide support and education to help alleviate the parents' concerns and ensure a smooth transition from the hospital to home. It is important to acknowledge the parents' feelings, offer reassurance, and reinforce the importance of follow-up care and monitoring.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four structural defects in the heart. These include pulmonic stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery), ventricular septal defect (hole in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart), overriding aorta (aorta positioned directly over the ventricular septal defect), and right ventricular hypertrophy (enlargement of the right ventricle due to increased workload). Therefore, the correct combination of defects that constitute tetralogy of Fallot is pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy, which is option A.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intraosseous drug administration is typically reserved for pediatric patients who are critically ill and under the age of 3. This route is chosen when intravenous access cannot be readily established or when the patient is in urgent need of medication administration. Young children have easily accessible bone marrow spaces, making intraosseous administration a quick and effective means of delivering medications in emergency situations. Older children tend to have more developed vasculature, making it easier to establish intravenous access in those cases.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Epinephrine is the medication of choice for anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can lead to a rapid drop in blood pressure, airway constriction, and other serious symptoms. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse these symptoms by constricting blood vessels, relaxing the muscles in the airways, and increasing heart rate. It is administered via an auto-injector device, such as an EpiPen, in cases of severe allergic reactions. Other medications, such as antihistamines and corticosteroids, may be given as adjunct therapy, but epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. Thus, the nurse should anticipate that epinephrine would be ordered for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nutramigen is a hypoallergenic formula specifically designed for infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA). It is extensively hydrolyzed, which means the cow's milk proteins are broken down into smaller pieces, making it easier for babies with CMA to digest without triggering an allergic reaction. Other options such as goat's milk, Similac, and Enfamil are not suitable substitutes for an infant with CMA as they may still contain proteins that can cause an allergic response in these infants. Therefore, Nutramigen is the most appropriate recommendation for a 6-month-old infant diagnosed with cow's milk allergy.