ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A preterm neonate has a sudden onset of abdominal distension, bloody stools, and feeding intolerance. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening condition in preterm infants characterized by intestinal inflammation, leading to distension, bloody stools, and potential perforation. Risk factors include prematurity and enteral feeds.
Question 2 of 5
The diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is established by the time the child reaches age of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most cases of allergic rhinitis are diagnosed by age 6, when symptoms become more pronounced and children undergo evaluation for recurrent nasal congestion, sneezing, and allergic triggers.
Question 3 of 5
In iron deficiency anemia, the erythrocytic indices are typically:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by microcytosis (low MCV) and hypochromia (low MCH and MCHC).
Question 4 of 5
A child with a seizure disorder is having recurrent seizures. She is currently arousable and is spontaneously breathing but has gurgling upper airway sounds. Appropriate measures would include all of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An oropharyngeal airway should not be inserted in a conscious patient, as it can trigger gagging and further airway obstruction.
Question 5 of 5
The MOST common childhood symptom of hereditary angioedema is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hereditary angioedema presents as non-pitting, non-pruritic edema without urticaria, distinguishing it from allergic reactions.