A preterm infant is on a ventilator, with intravenous lines and other medical equipment. When the parents come to visit for the first time, what is the most important action by the nurse?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage the parents to touch their infant. This is important as physical touch promotes bonding between the parents and the infant, which is crucial for the infant's emotional and psychological development. It also helps the parents feel connected and involved in the care of their child. Choice B is incorrect because reassurance alone may not address the parents' need for physical closeness and bonding with their infant. Choice C is incorrect as discussing future care at this moment may overwhelm the parents and distract from the immediate need for bonding. Choice D is incorrect because limiting the parents' visit time may create more anxiety and hinder the bonding process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). High arterial blood oxygen levels can lead to IVH in preterm infants due to increased cerebral blood flow and disruption of immature blood vessels in the brain. This can cause bleeding into the brain's ventricles. NEC (A) is more associated with feeding issues, ROP (B) with high oxygen levels, and BPD (D) with prolonged use of mechanical ventilation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because preventing hypoglycemia is crucial for Small for Gestational Age (SGA) newborns due to their decreased glycogen stores. Early and frequent feedings help maintain stable blood sugar levels. Option A, promoting bonding, is important for all newborns but not particularly crucial for SGA babies. Option B, preventing dehydration, is essential for all newborns but not specific to SGA. Option C, observing for respiratory distress syndrome, is important but not the most critical concern for SGA newborns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because weight gain is a direct indicator of nutritional status. A weight gain of 40 g/day may indicate inadequate caloric intake for an SGA (small for gestational age) infant, necessitating additional calories. A: Hematocrit level might indicate dehydration or polycythemia, not necessarily inadequate caloric intake. C: The volume of intake alone does not indicate the adequacy of caloric intake; concentration and composition of the feed are also essential. D: Temperature measurements are not directly related to the need for additional calories in an SGA infant.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: VLBW (Very Low Birth Weight). This classification is based on the infant weighing less than 1500 g at birth, which applies to this scenario as the infant weighs 1200 g. VLBW infants are at higher risk for complications due to their low weight and prematurity. A: SG (Small for Gestational Age) is incorrect because it refers to infants who are below the 10th percentile for weight at a specific gestational age, not based solely on weight. C: ELBW (Extremely Low Birth Weight) is incorrect as it typically refers to infants weighing less than 1000 g at birth, which is lower than the infant in this scenario. D: Low birth weight at term is incorrect as it does not accurately classify a premature infant like the one in the question.