A preterm infant develops sudden onset respiratory distress with decreased breath sounds and increased transillumination on one side. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A pneumothorax presents with acute respiratory distress, asymmetrical breath sounds, and increased transillumination on the affected side. It occurs due to alveolar rupture, often in ventilated preterm infants with underlying lung disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hyponatremic dehydration presents with marked skin turgor loss while the tongue remains moist, as fluid shifts from the extracellular to intracellular space.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct nursing intervention to prevent infection in patients with AIDS is to wear protective gear such as gown, mask, gloves, and goggles when entering the patient's room. Patients with AIDS have compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. Wearing protective gear helps prevent the transmission of pathogens from healthcare providers to the patient and vice versa. It helps minimize the risk of exposure to infectious agents and protects both the patient and the healthcare team. Prohibiting visitors with a cough (option B) may be important for preventing the spread of certain infections, but it is not the most effective measure for protecting patients with AIDS. Option A is not appropriate as it isolates the patient, which can have negative psychological effects. Option D is not specific enough and does not provide clear guidance on infection prevention measures.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The first stage of the first period of reactivity in the newborn begins when the newborn awakes from a deep sleep. This stage is characterized by increased muscle tone, alertness, and interest in the environment. It typically starts about 30 minutes after birth and can last up to 2 hours. During this stage, the newborn may be restless, have an increased heart rate, and show increased vocalization. It is an important time for bonding and initial interactions with the parents, as the newborn is most alert and responsive during this period.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Epstein-Barr virus is less commonly associated with postinfectious arthritis.