A premature newborn requires assistance with ventilation and oxygenation. What method of respiratory support is most likely to be utilized if the newborn requires PPV at birth and continues to need assistance?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP is indicated for providing continuous pressure to a premature newborn's airways, helping keep the air sacs open to improve oxygenation without the need for invasive ventilation. CPAP is a non-invasive method that can be used both initially and continuously for respiratory support. A: Bag mask PPV is used for initial resuscitation but may not be suitable for continuous support due to potential lung injury. B: ECMO is an advanced therapy used for severe respiratory or cardiac failure, usually after other methods have failed. D: Nasal cannula at 1 L provides low levels of oxygen and is not sufficient for a premature newborn requiring continuous respiratory support.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: home hospice care. This infant has trisomy 13 with an unrepairable cardiac anomaly, indicating a poor prognosis. Home hospice care focuses on providing comfort and support for the infant and family in such situations, ensuring a peaceful environment and managing symptoms. Choice A (cardiology follow-up) is not appropriate as the cardiac anomaly is unrepairable. Genetic testing for the family (Choice B) is not a priority at this stage. Lactation consultant (Choice D) is not relevant for this situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Choice A is correct because it indicates that the infant is medically stable, has undergone all necessary discharge screenings, and is up to date on vaccinations. These factors are crucial for ensuring the infant's health and safety post-discharge. Choice B is incorrect as it highlights the caregiver's lack of training, which is essential for managing the infant's needs at home. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions a delay in equipment delivery, which is necessary for the infant's care. Choice D is incorrect as escalating oxygen requirements and temperature instability indicate the infant is not ready for discharge.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Meconium aspiration. Meconium aspiration occurs when a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid during delivery, leading to inflammation and respiratory distress. Meconium can obstruct the airways and cause chemical pneumonitis, resulting in respiratory compromise. Atelectasis (choice A) is the collapse of part or all of the lung, which can occur secondary to meconium aspiration. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (choice C) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants. Patent ductus arteriosus (choice D) is a heart condition where a blood vessel doesn't close normally after birth. Meconium aspiration is the most immediate risk for the newborn in this scenario due to its impact on the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ballard score. The Ballard score is a tool used to assess neuromuscular and physical maturity in newborns, which correlates with their gestational age. It includes assessment of physical characteristics such as skin texture, lanugo, ear form, breast tissue, and genitalia. This assessment helps healthcare providers determine the newborn's gestational age more accurately. A: Apgar score assesses the newborn's overall health and vitality at one and five minutes after birth. C: Phenylketonuria (PKU) screening is a metabolic test to detect inherited disorders, not related to assessing maturity. D: Length and weight measurements provide important information but do not specifically assess neuromuscular and physical maturity correlating with gestational age.