A premature infant blinks in response to a bright light at

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Premature infants blink to light by 30 weeks corrected gestational age , as the pupillary reflex matur(Volpe). Earlier (26-28 weeks, A-B) lacks this response; later (32-34 weeks) is typical for term infants. This neurologic milestone 30 weeks makes C the correct answer, reflecting ocular development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Carbamazepine is the first-line drug for focal seizures, per ILAE, due to its sodium channel blockade targeting partial-onset epilepsy. Ethosuximide treats absence seizures, valproate generalized seizures, and lamotrigine is adjunctive. Carbamazepinefficacy and evidence base make A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: SUDEP risk factors include polytherapy , young age , long epilepsy duration , and frequent seizur, tied to seizure control and autonomic dysfunction. Female gender is not a consistent risk; malmay be slightly more affected. Genders lack of specificity make B the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phenobarbital is the first-line drug for neonatal seizures, per AAP, due to its efficacy, safety, and long half-life stabilizing GABA receptors. Diazepam , midazolam , and lorazepam risk respiratory depression; phenytoin is second-line. Phenobarbitals evidence base makes C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Breath-holding spells, benign events, are managed with reassurance , iron therapy for anemia-related cases, and atropine rarely for pallid spells. Antiepileptic drugs are ineffective, as spells arent seizures. This mechanistic mismatch makes D the exception and correct answer.