A pregnant woman who is having labor pains is receiving an opioid analgesic. Which of the following medications should be ready in case a respiratory depression occurs?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Naloxone (Narcan) is the antidote for opioid-induced respiratory depression and should be readily available when administering opioid analgesics during labor. It works by reversing the effects of opioids on the respiratory system, restoring normal breathing. Oxycodone, meperidine, and morphine are opioids and would exacerbate respiratory depression. Therefore, naloxone is the correct medication to have on hand.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: MAOIs (e.g., phenelzine) block tyramine breakdown, risking hypertensive crisis with foods like cheese, per pharmacology. SSRIs, beta blockers, and benzos lack this interaction-tyramine isn't their concern. MAOIs' dietary restriction is critical, a unique safety point.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In chemical antagonism, two drugs produce opposite effects on a physiological system but do not act at the same receptor site. This type of antagonism occurs when one drug chemically interacts with another drug to reduce its effects. The drugs involved in chemical antagonism do not compete for the same receptor site, unlike competitive antagonism where drugs compete for the same receptor site, or noncompetitive antagonism where drugs may act at different sites but still result in inhibition. Physiological antagonism involves two drugs that produce opposite effects but do not necessarily interact chemically. Potentiation refers to the increase in effect when two drugs are combined. Given the scenario described in the question, the phenomenon of two drugs producing opposite effects without acting at the same receptor site best aligns with chemical antagonism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose (A) is critical because TPN can cause hyperglycemia. Measuring intake and output (B) helps assess fluid balance. Monitoring the insertion site (D) is essential to detect infection or infiltration. Blood should never be administered through the TPN line (C) due to risk of contamination.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication that is used to control seizures. One of the common side effects of phenytoin is the development of tremors, which are involuntary shaking movements of the body. Patients taking phenytoin may experience tremors as a result of the medication's effects on the central nervous system. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients taking phenytoin for the development of tremors and manage them accordingly.