A pregnant woman is to undergo an invasive procedure to evaluate the status of her fetus. To ensure informed consent, which action would be the priority responsibility of the nurse providing care to this woman?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the priority responsibility of the nurse is option A) Asking relevant questions to determine the client's understanding. This is crucial because ensuring that the client has a clear understanding of the procedure and its implications is essential for obtaining informed consent. By asking questions, the nurse can assess the client's level of comprehension, address any misconceptions, and provide further information as needed to ensure the client can make a well-informed decision. Option B) Providing a detailed description of the risks and benefits of the procedure is important, but it should come after assessing the client's understanding to tailor the information appropriately. Option C) Explaining the exact steps that will occur during the procedure is important but not the priority at this stage as understanding the broader implications and risks should come first. Option D) Offering suggestions for alternative options for treatment is not the priority when obtaining informed consent for a specific procedure; the focus should be on ensuring understanding and consent for the proposed procedure. In an educational context, this rationale highlights the critical role of the nurse in ensuring informed consent, which is a fundamental ethical and legal principle in healthcare. Nurses must prioritize assessing the client's understanding to empower them to make autonomous decisions about their care. This process fosters trust, promotes client autonomy, and enhances the quality of care provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) The nurse volunteers at a local health care clinic providing free vaccinations for low-income populations. This action best reflects fostering the health care agenda of the U.S. Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People 2020. By volunteering to provide vaccinations to low-income populations, the nurse is directly contributing to improving the health outcomes and access to care for an underserved community, aligning with the goals of Healthy People 2020 to promote health equity. Option A is not the best choice because obtaining an advanced degree, while valuable for personal and professional development, does not directly reflect fostering the specific health care agenda outlined in the U.S. Surgeon General's Report. Option C, performing an in-service on basic hospital equipment, is important for education but does not directly align with the goals of Healthy People 2020. Option D, compiling nursing articles for a training seminar, is beneficial for sharing evidence-based practices but does not directly contribute to the health care agenda of Healthy People 2020 as directly as providing vaccinations to underserved populations. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to understand how their actions can directly impact public health goals and initiatives. By engaging in activities that align with national health care agendas, nurses can contribute to improving the overall health outcomes of communities and populations they serve. This question highlights the importance of aligning nursing actions with broader health care goals and initiatives to promote positive health outcomes for all.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In maternal and newborn nursing, family-centered care is a crucial approach that recognizes the family as essential to the well-being of the newborn. In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Softening unpleasant information or prognoses, as it deviates from the principles of family-centered care. Softening unpleasant information or prognoses can undermine the family's right to full disclosure and involvement in decision-making, which is essential in family-centered care. It can also hinder the family's ability to cope and make informed choices regarding their child's care. Option B) Evaluating and changing the nursing plan of care, C) Collaborating with the child and family as equals, and D) Showing respect for the family's beliefs and wishes are all aligned with family-centered care. Educationally, understanding the principles of family-centered care is crucial for nurses working with newborns and their families. It involves respecting and involving families in all aspects of care, promoting open communication, and supporting families' unique needs and preferences. By choosing the most appropriate actions, nurses can provide holistic and effective care that considers the family's importance in the newborn's well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, option A, "Reviewing the effectiveness of interventions," best reflects using the nursing process to provide quality care to children and their families when caring for a 14-year-old boy with a growth hormone deficiency. The nursing process involves a systematic approach to delivering care, which includes assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. By reviewing the effectiveness of interventions, the nurse is engaging in the evaluation phase of the nursing process. This step is crucial in determining if the care provided is meeting the desired outcomes and making necessary adjustments to optimize the child's health. Options B, C, and D are not the best choices in this context. Questioning facility standards for care (option B) may be important but does not directly relate to the immediate care of the child. Earning continuing education credits (option C) is essential for professional development but does not address the specific needs of the child at this moment. Ensuring reasonable costs for care provided (option D) is important but is more focused on financial aspects rather than the quality of care delivered to the child and family. Educationally, understanding the nursing process and its application in pediatric nursing is crucial for providing effective and holistic care to children and their families. By mastering this framework, nurses can ensure that their care is evidence-based, patient-centered, and continuously evaluated for optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certain procedures, however, require a specific process of informed consent, including major and minor surgery; invasive procedures such as lumbar puncture or bone marrow aspiration; treatments placing the child at higher risk, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy; procedures or treatments involving research; photography involving children; and applying restraints to children.