A pregnant woman is having a TORCH screening done at today’s prenatal visit. She states she is anxious to get the results back because she recently had unprotected sex with someone she just met and is afraid she might have HIV. Which of the following statements would be the best response by the nurse?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct response, option B, is the best choice because it provides accurate information to the pregnant woman regarding HIV testing. HIV testing is not typically included in the TORCH screening panel, so additional testing specifically for HIV would be necessary. Option A is incorrect because it gives a timeframe for knowing HIV status without addressing the need for specific testing for HIV. Option C is incorrect as it inaccurately suggests waiting until after delivery for HIV testing, which could delay diagnosis and treatment if needed. Option D is incorrect as it provides false information about the duration of exposure needed for accurate HIV testing. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of clear communication with patients regarding HIV testing during pregnancy. It underscores the significance of understanding which tests are included in routine screenings and the need for additional testing if specific concerns arise, such as recent unprotected sex. This knowledge is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to ensure appropriate care and support for pregnant women.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The minimum recommended fat intake for infants is an essential aspect of pediatric pharmacology and nutrition. In this case, the correct answer is C) 38 grams a day. Infants require a higher percentage of fat in their diet compared to older children and adults to support their rapid growth and brain development. Adequate fat intake is crucial for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and for providing energy. Option A) 18 grams a day is too low for an infant's fat intake needs and may not provide sufficient energy or essential fatty acids for proper growth and development. Option B) 28 grams a day is also below the recommended minimum fat intake for infants and could lead to nutritional deficiencies. Option D) 48 grams a day is higher than the minimum recommended fat intake for infants and could potentially exceed the infant's needs, leading to excessive calorie intake. It is important to strike a balance between providing enough fat for growth and development without overloading the infant's diet with unnecessary calories. Educationally, understanding the specific nutritional needs of different age groups, such as infants, is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. By knowing the recommended fat intake for infants, healthcare providers can help parents make informed decisions about their child's diet to support optimal growth and development.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) The infant babbles. At 6 months old, infants typically engage in babbling, which involves producing repetitive consonant-vowel combinations (e.g., "bababa"). Babbling is a crucial stage in language development as it helps infants practice vocalizing and experimenting with different sounds. Option A) The infant forming two-syllable sounds is not developmentally appropriate for a 6-month-old. This skill usually emerges later in language development. Option B) Coos and vowel sounds are commonly observed in younger infants, around 2-3 months of age. While important for communication, this behavior is not specific to a 6-month-old's language development stage. Option D) Saying specific words like "ma-ma" and "bye-bye" typically occurs later in language development, closer to 9-12 months of age. Infants at 6 months are more focused on babbling and experimenting with sounds rather than saying recognizable words. Educationally, understanding typical language development milestones in infants is crucial for healthcare professionals like nurses. By recognizing age-appropriate behaviors, nurses can assess infants' developmental progress accurately and provide appropriate guidance and interventions if needed. This knowledge also helps in early identification of any potential language delays or disorders, enabling timely interventions for optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The most appropriate action for a nurse to promote change in health care policies is to be an active member of a national nursing organization (Option A). Nurses are at the forefront of patient care delivery and have firsthand knowledge of the challenges within the healthcare system. By joining a national nursing organization, the nurse gains a collective voice to advocate for policy changes that can positively impact patient outcomes and the nursing profession as a whole. Option B, voting for political leaders in favor of health care reform, is a valuable civic duty but does not provide direct involvement in policy change efforts. While being informed and voting is important, it is not as effective as actively participating in advocacy efforts through a professional organization. Enrolling in a health policy class (Option C) can enhance the nurse's understanding of health care policy but may not directly lead to involvement in policy change initiatives. Education is essential, but practical involvement through organizations yields more tangible results. Learning about community resources (Option D) is important for providing holistic patient care but does not directly address promoting change in health care policies. Understanding community resources is vital for patient referrals and support but does not have the same impact on policy change efforts. In conclusion, being an active member of a national nursing organization is the most appropriate action for a nurse to influence health care policy changes due to the collective advocacy power and direct involvement in shaping policy decisions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct immunization to administer to the 2-month-old infant during a well-baby visit is DTaP-1 (Option A), which stands for Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis vaccine. This vaccine is recommended at 2 months of age as part of the routine childhood immunization schedule to provide protection against these serious diseases. The other options are incorrect for the following reasons: - MMR (Option B) and Varicella (Option C) are not typically administered until the child is older, usually around 12-15 months of age, as per the recommended immunization schedule. - Influenza (Option D) vaccine is usually recommended for infants aged 6 months and older, so it is not the appropriate choice for a 2-month-old infant. Educationally, understanding the timing and rationale behind each vaccine administration is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure proper immunization schedules are followed to protect infants and children from preventable diseases. Administering vaccines at the recommended ages helps build immunity when it is most needed and contributes to overall public health by preventing the spread of infectious diseases.