ATI RN
Conception and Fetal Development NCLEX Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A pregnant adolescent tells the nurse she is taking isotretinoin (Accutane). Which statement is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, option A is the correct answer because isotretinoin (Accutane) is indeed teratogenic, meaning it can cause severe birth defects and major fetal malformations if taken during pregnancy. As an educator, it is crucial to emphasize to students the importance of understanding the teratogenic effects of certain medications on fetal development. Option A is correct because it highlights the immediate need for the pregnant adolescent to stop taking isotretinoin to prevent harm to the developing fetus. It is vital for students to grasp the gravity of the situation and the potential lifelong impact that teratogenic substances can have on fetal health. This question serves as a reminder of the responsibility healthcare providers have in educating pregnant individuals about medications that can pose risks during pregnancy. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide any relevant information or guidance regarding the teratogenic effects of isotretinoin. This highlights the importance of accurate knowledge and understanding when counseling pregnant individuals on medication safety. Educationally, this question reinforces the significance of thorough medication assessment and counseling for pregnant clients. It underscores the need for healthcare professionals to stay informed about teratogenic risks and to effectively communicate this information to patients to ensure the best possible outcomes for both the pregnant individual and the developing fetus.
Question 2 of 5
A father and mother are carriers of phenylketonuria (PKU). Their 2-year-old daughter has PKU. The couple tells the nurse that they are planning to have a second baby. Because their daughter has PKU, they are sure that their next baby won't be affected. What response by the nurse is most accurate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) You are both carriers, so each baby has a 25% chance of being affected. This response is accurate because phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, meaning that both parents must carry the gene for their child to have the condition. With each pregnancy, there is a 25% chance that the child will inherit two copies of the gene and have PKU. Option A is incorrect because it misleads the couple into thinking that having a second child will not be affected by PKU, which is not true. Option B is not as direct as option C in explaining the genetic probability of the condition. Option D is incorrect as it provides irrelevant information about the baby's gender, which does not impact the inheritance of PKU. Educationally, understanding the principles of genetic inheritance is crucial for healthcare providers, especially when counseling families about the risks of passing on genetic conditions to their children. It is essential to communicate this information clearly and accurately to empower families to make informed decisions about their reproductive choices.
Question 3 of 5
A man's wife is pregnant for the third time. One child was born with cystic fibrosis, and the other child is healthy. The man wonders what the chance is that this child will have cystic fibrosis. This type of testing is known as:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Recurrence risk. Recurrence risk refers to the probability of a certain trait or condition occurring again in a family based on previous occurrences. In this case, since one child was born with cystic fibrosis, the man is concerned about the likelihood of the same condition affecting the third child. This type of risk assessment is crucial in genetic counseling to help individuals understand the chances of passing on certain genetic conditions to their offspring. Option A) Occurrence risk is incorrect because it typically refers to the probability of a certain condition occurring in any individual in the general population, not specifically within a family context. Option C) Predictive testing is not applicable in this situation as it usually involves testing an individual for a specific genetic mutation to predict their risk of developing a condition in the future, rather than assessing the likelihood of passing it on to offspring. Option D) Predisposition testing is also not the appropriate term here, as it generally involves identifying genetic markers that may increase an individual's likelihood of developing a particular condition, rather than assessing the risk of passing it on to their children. Understanding recurrence risk is essential for individuals with a family history of genetic conditions to make informed decisions about family planning and healthcare. It helps in providing accurate genetic counseling and guidance on potential risks associated with having children.
Question 4 of 5
With regard to the estimation and interpretation of the recurrence of risks for genetic disorders, nurses should be aware that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer, D, states that the risk factor for genetic disorders remains the same no matter how many affected children are already in the family. This is because the probability of inheriting a genetic disorder does not change based on the number of affected children in the family. Each child has an independent chance of inheriting the disorder, and the presence of affected siblings does not increase or decrease the risk for subsequent children. Option A is incorrect because the likelihood of a second child having a dominant disorder is not always 100%. Dominant disorders have a 50% chance of being passed on to each child, regardless of the presence of a previous affected child. Option B is incorrect as well because an autosomal recessive disease typically carries a one in four risk for each child, not one in eight. This is based on the probability of inheriting two recessive alleles, one from each parent. Option C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the recurrence risk for disorders involving maternal drug ingestion. The risk can vary depending on the specific drug, timing of exposure, and individual genetic factors. Understanding the principles of genetic inheritance and recurrence risks is crucial for nurses caring for families with genetic disorders. By knowing the correct probabilities and factors influencing recurrence, nurses can provide accurate information and support to families dealing with genetic conditions.
Question 5 of 5
A pregnant woman at 25 weeks' gestation tells the nurse that she dropped a pan last week and her baby jumped at the noise. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is option C) "Babies respond to sound starting at about 24 weeks of gestation." This response is accurate because by 24 weeks of gestation, the fetus's auditory system is developed enough to perceive sound stimuli. Research indicates that fetuses can start responding to sound around this time, so the mother feeling the baby jump in response to a loud noise is plausible. Option A) "That must have been a coincidence; babies can't respond like that," is incorrect because fetal response to sound is a well-documented phenomenon supported by scientific evidence. Option B) "The fetus is demonstrating the aural reflex," is incorrect because there is no specific "aural reflex" recognized in fetal development. Option D) "Let me know if it happens again; we need to report that to your midwife," is incorrect as it does not address the developmental aspect of fetal response to sound. Educationally, understanding fetal development and behaviors is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pregnant women. Knowing the timeline of when fetuses begin to respond to sound helps in providing anticipatory guidance to expectant mothers and assessing fetal well-being during prenatal care.