Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a postpartum client who experienced a perineal laceration and reports pain and discomfort during defecation is to recommend the use of stool softeners or laxatives. Perineal lacerations can lead to pain and discomfort during bowel movements due to the strain that passing stools may cause on the tender area. Stool softeners or laxatives can help soften the stool, making it easier and less painful for the client to have bowel movements. It is important to alleviate the discomfort and promote bowel regularity to prevent complications such as constipation, which can further exacerbate the pain and delay healing of the perineal laceration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amitriptyline, being a tricyclic antidepressant, commonly causes anticholinergic side effects. These effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, and confusion. Anticholinergic effects are due to the drug's inhibition of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which can lead to the symptoms mentioned above. These side effects can be bothersome for patients taking amitriptyline, but they are generally manageable and often improve over time as the body adjusts to the medication. In the case of bulimia treatment, the benefits of using amitriptyline to address the underlying psychological issues often outweigh the side effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse explains to the mother that the uterus will return to its pre-pregnancy state in about four to six weeks after giving birth. This timeframe is an average estimation of how long it takes for the uterus to shrink back to its normal size and position after going through the process of supporting and nourishing a developing fetus. The process of the uterus returning to its pre-pregnancy state is known as involution, where the uterus undergoes contractions to shed the excess lining and reduce in size. This period is crucial for the body to heal and recover from the changes that occurred during pregnancy and childbirth.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programs are essential for the professional growth and development of nurses. CPD programs provide opportunities for nurses to enhance their knowledge, skills, and competencies, keeping them up-to-date with the latest advancements in healthcare. These programs may include workshops, conferences, seminars, online courses, and certifications that contribute to a nurse's professional development. By engaging in CPD programs, nurses can improve their clinical practice, critical thinking skills, and patient care, ultimately benefiting both the nurse and the patients they serve.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protist known to cause amoebiasis, a gastrointestinal infection that can lead to symptoms such as foul-smelling diarrhea containing cysts. Upon microscopic examination of the feces, the presence of Entamoeba histolytica cysts is a key diagnostic feature. This parasite can be transmitted through contaminated food or water, and individuals infected with Entamoeba histolytica may experience abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage this infection and prevent complications.