A post-op patient has an epidural infusion of morphine sulfate. The patient’s respiratory rate declines to 8 breaths/minute. Which medication would the nurse anticipate administering?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct medication that the nurse would anticipate administering is A) Naloxone (Narcan). Morphine sulfate is an opioid analgesic that can cause respiratory depression as a side effect. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can quickly reverse the effects of opioids like morphine, including respiratory depression. Administering Naloxone can help restore the patient's respiratory rate back to normal. Option B) Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is used as a mucolytic agent to help break down mucus in conditions like COPD and cystic fibrosis, not for reversing opioid-induced respiratory depression. Option C) Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) is a corticosteroid used for its anti-inflammatory properties and would not be the appropriate intervention for opioid-induced respiratory depression. Option D) Protamine Sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, an anticoagulant, and is not indicated for opioid overdose. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to be able to identify signs of opioid overdose, such as respiratory depression, and know the appropriate interventions such as administering Naloxone. Understanding pharmacological interventions for common post-operative complications is essential for providing safe and effective patient care in pediatric nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Cimetidine (Tagamet). Cimetidine is a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist that can cause gynecomastia as a side effect by disrupting the normal hormonal balance. It inhibits the metabolism of estrogen, leading to increased levels and subsequent breast tissue growth in males. Amoxicillin (A), Metronidazole (C), and Omeprazole (D) are antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor, respectively, commonly used in peptic ulcer treatment. While they have their own set of side effects, they are not known to cause gynecomastia. This question is crucial in pediatric nursing education as it highlights the importance of understanding medication side effects and their impact on the patient's condition. Nurses need to be vigilant in recognizing and managing adverse drug reactions, especially in pediatric patients who may be more vulnerable to such effects. Understanding the pharmacological mechanisms of medications helps nurses provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most crucial statement to include when teaching a patient prescribed metronidazole (Flagyl) is to avoid alcohol consumption. Mixing metronidazole and alcohol can lead to a disulfiram-like reaction, causing severe symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and headache. Therefore, it is essential to emphasize to the patient the importance of abstaining from alcohol while taking this medication to prevent adverse reactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Perceptual Learning. In the scenario described, the toddler is attempting to place a shape into a container multiple times using an effective reach and grasp pattern but still making errors. This aligns with the concept of perceptual learning, which involves fine-tuning motor skills through repeated practice and error detection. Option A) Skill Acquisition refers to the initial stage of learning a new skill, where the focus is on developing basic coordination. In the given scenario, the toddler is already proficient in the reach and grasp pattern, moving beyond basic skill acquisition. Option C) Functional Performance usually relates to the ability to carry out tasks in a real-world setting. While important, this concept does not directly address the specific motor learning stage being demonstrated by the toddler. Option D) Exploratory Activity typically involves the early stage of learning through trial and error, which is different from the repeated attempts with an effective pattern seen in the toddler's actions. Educationally, understanding the stages of motor learning in children is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps them assess developmental progress, identify potential delays, and provide appropriate interventions to support children in reaching their full motor potential. Recognizing the nuances of motor learning stages can guide healthcare professionals in tailoring interventions and support strategies to meet each child's unique needs effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, incorporating play into therapeutic interventions is crucial for enhancing a child's physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development. The correct answer, option C - "Play as a tool," best reflects the session where a therapist uses a game of cards to improve a teen's hand skills for schoolwork. Play is being utilized as a tool in this context to achieve therapeutic goals, such as enhancing fine motor skills and dexterity necessary for academic tasks. Option A - "Playfulness as an approach," while it may sound relevant, does not encapsulate the therapeutic intent behind using play in this scenario. Playfulness as an approach suggests a general attitude or demeanor rather than a specific therapeutic strategy. Option B - "Play as an occupation," refers to play-based activities that are intrinsically motivating and meaningful to the child, usually in the context of an occupational therapy session. However, in this case, the primary goal is to improve hand skills for schoolwork, making it more of a therapeutic intervention than an occupation. Option D - "Play as a reward," implies that play is being used as a form of reinforcement for completing a task or achieving a goal. While play can indeed be used as a reward in some instances, in this scenario, it is being utilized as a purposeful tool to target specific therapeutic outcomes related to hand skills. Understanding the various roles of play in pediatric nursing is essential for providing holistic and developmentally appropriate care to children. By utilizing play as a tool in therapeutic interventions, healthcare providers can make interventions more engaging, effective, and meaningful for their pediatric patients.