A physician's order indicates to administer a medication to the patient via the percutaneous route. Which route will the nurse anticipate the patient will receive this medication?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Topically. Percutaneous route involves applying the medication on the skin surface for absorption. Intramuscular (A) and subcutaneous (B) routes involve injections into muscle or tissue. Rectal route (D) involves inserting medication into the rectum. Topical route is the only option that aligns with percutaneous administration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Caspofungin. This drug is an echinocandin antifungal agent used for serious fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. It is effective against a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens. Terbinafine (A) is used for dermatophyte infections, Griseofulvin (B) is used for superficial fungal infections, and Nystatin (C) is primarily used topically for candidiasis. Caspofungin (D) is the best choice for serious systemic fungal infections due to its broad spectrum and efficacy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Infusion reaction. Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, which can help decrease infusion reactions such as fever, chills, and allergic reactions during drug administration. It works by suppressing the immune response that triggers these reactions. Red man syndrome (A) is associated with vancomycin use, nephrotoxicity (B) is related to kidney damage caused by certain drugs, and hepatotoxicity (C) refers to liver damage from drugs. These adverse effects are not directly impacted by hydrocortisone's mechanism of action.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ezetimibe. Ezetimibe works by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine, reducing the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. Atorvastatin and Simvastatin are statins that work by reducing the production of cholesterol in the liver. Fenofibrate is a fibrate drug that helps lower triglycerides, not specifically targeting cholesterol absorption in the small intestine. Therefore, the correct choice is B as it directly addresses the mechanism of inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the small intestine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Tramadol is a centrally acting opioid analgesic that exerts its effects through weak opioid receptor binding and inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. This dual mechanism of action contributes to its analgesic properties by modulating pain perception in the central nervous system. Option A is incorrect as tramadol's opioid receptor binding is weak compared to other opioids. Option C is incorrect as tramadol does not directly inhibit prostaglandin synthesis like NSAIDs. Option D is incorrect as tramadol does not primarily increase dopamine release.