A physical therapist measures a patient's resting blood pressure as 138/88 mm Hg. How should the therapist classify this blood pressure reading?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct classification of the patient's blood pressure reading of 138/88 mm Hg would be "Hypertension stage 1 (C)." This classification is based on the current guidelines for blood pressure levels set by medical organizations such as the American Heart Association. The classification of blood pressure readings is crucial in determining the risk of cardiovascular diseases and guiding appropriate interventions. Hypertension stage 1 is defined as a systolic blood pressure ranging from 130-139 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure ranging from 80-89 mm Hg. Therefore, the patient's blood pressure of 138/88 mm Hg falls within this range, indicating the presence of hypertension stage 1. The other options can be ruled out as follows: - Option A (Normal): This option is incorrect because the blood pressure reading provided exceeds the normal range for blood pressure, which is typically defined as less than 120/80 mm Hg. - Option B (Elevated): While the blood pressure reading is higher than normal, it does not fall within the range specified for elevated blood pressure, which is typically systolic 120-129 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg. - Option D (Hypertension stage 2): This option is incorrect as hypertension stage 2 is characterized by higher blood pressure readings than those presented in the scenario, typically systolic 140 mm Hg or higher and diastolic 90 mm Hg or higher. Understanding how to accurately classify blood pressure readings is essential for healthcare professionals like physical therapists as it allows for early detection of hypertension and appropriate referral or intervention. Monitoring and managing blood pressure levels can significantly impact a patient's cardiovascular health and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In understanding the components of a health history assessment, it is crucial to differentiate between the various elements involved. The correct answer, option B) Thorax and lungs, is not typically a component of the health history. Instead, it falls under the physical examination portion of a patient assessment. This distinction is important because the health history focuses on gathering information related to the patient's past and current health status, including aspects like past medical history, family history, social history, medications, allergies, and the present illness. Option A) Review of systems is an integral part of the health history as it involves a systematic inquiry into different body systems to identify any symptoms or issues the patient may be experiencing. Option C) Present illness is also a crucial component as it helps in understanding the current health concerns and context of the patient's visit. Option D) Personal and social items are essential for understanding the patient's lifestyle, social support, and potential factors influencing their health. From an educational perspective, it is important for healthcare professionals to grasp the distinctions between different components of a patient assessment to gather comprehensive and accurate information for effective care planning. Understanding these distinctions ensures that healthcare providers can conduct a thorough assessment, make informed clinical decisions, and provide optimal patient care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of vital signs assessment, it is crucial to differentiate between signs and symptoms. A sign is an objective indicator of a patient's condition that can be observed or measured by a healthcare provider, whereas a symptom is a subjective indication of a patient's condition that is reported by the patient. In this question, the correct answer is B) A temperature of 102°F because it is an objective measurement that can be quantified using a thermometer. This is a classic example of a vital sign as it provides valuable information about the patient's health status. Regarding why the other options are incorrect: A) A sore throat is a subjective symptom that the patient reports feeling. It cannot be directly observed or measured by a healthcare provider without relying on the patient's description. C) A headache is also a subjective symptom that the patient reports experiencing. Like a sore throat, it is not an objective indicator that can be measured or observed. D) Nausea is another subjective symptom that the patient reports feeling. It is not an observable or measurable sign that can be used to assess a patient's condition objectively. Understanding the distinction between signs and symptoms is fundamental in healthcare assessment as it guides healthcare providers in making accurate diagnoses and determining appropriate treatment plans. By recognizing the significance of objective signs like body temperature in this context, healthcare professionals can better evaluate and monitor patients' health status effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Subjective information in healthcare refers to information provided by the patient, based on their feelings, perceptions, or beliefs. In this scenario, option B is the correct answer because it describes a symptom that the patient is experiencing ("feeling short of breath when climbing stairs"), which is subjective information provided by the patient themselves. Option A is incorrect because stating "The patient's blood pressure is 130/84" is an objective measurement that can be obtained through physical examination or monitoring equipment, not through the patient's self-report. Option C is wrong as "The patient has a respiratory rate of 20" is another objective measurement that can be counted and recorded, not based on the patient's feelings or experiences. Option D is also incorrect as "The patient's lung sounds are clear to auscultation" is an objective finding obtained through a physical assessment, not based on the patient's subjective experiences. In an educational context, understanding the difference between subjective and objective information is crucial for healthcare providers to accurately assess and diagnose patients. Subjective information provides insights into a patient's symptoms and feelings, which is essential for making informed clinical decisions and providing appropriate care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Popliteal pulse. The popliteal pulse is located at the back of the knee and is assessed by palpating the area behind the knee joint. This pulse is important to assess as it provides information about the blood flow to the lower leg and foot. The other options are incorrect because: A) Femoral pulse is located in the groin area. C) Dorsalis pedis pulse is located on the top of the foot. D) Radial pulse is located at the wrist. Understanding the location of different pulses is crucial for nurses to accurately assess a patient's circulation and overall cardiovascular health. Knowing the specific anatomical locations of pulses helps in identifying any abnormalities or changes that may indicate underlying health issues. Students and healthcare professionals must be able to correctly identify these pulses to provide effective patient care and make appropriate clinical decisions.