A person with more than one of the four handicaps like physical, hearing, visual and mental, is classified under handicap:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In nursing and healthcare, understanding terminology related to disabilities is crucial for providing effective care. In the context of a person having more than one of the four handicaps (physical, hearing, visual, and mental), they are classified under the term "multiple" handicaps. The correct answer is A) Multiple because it specifically indicates the presence of more than one handicap. This term is commonly used in healthcare to describe individuals facing challenges in multiple areas. Option B) Manifold means numerous or many, but it does not specifically convey the idea of having multiple handicaps. Option C) Several simply means a few or more than one, which is not as precise as "multiple" in the context of handicaps. Option D) Compound typically refers to something composed of two or more parts, not necessarily related to disabilities. Educationally, understanding the terminology used to classify disabilities helps healthcare providers communicate effectively with each other and with patients. By knowing the correct terms, nurses can ensure proper care plans are in place for individuals with multiple handicaps, addressing each aspect of their needs comprehensively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of nursing education and the development of family-centered care, the correct answer is C) 1950. Educational programs began to appear in the 1950s as there was a growing recognition of the importance of involving families in patient care. This era marked a shift towards a more holistic approach in healthcare, with an emphasis on considering the family unit as a crucial component in patient well-being. Option A) 1930 is incorrect because during the 1930s, healthcare was still primarily focused on individual patient care rather than incorporating family members into the care process. Option B) 1940 is also incorrect as there was limited emphasis on family-centered care during this period, with healthcare practices still predominantly centered around the individual patient. Option D) 1920 is incorrect as well because nursing education during the 1920s was more focused on traditional medical models that did not prioritize family involvement in patient care. Understanding the historical context of when educational programs promoting family-centered care began is crucial for nurses to appreciate the evolution of their profession and to provide more comprehensive, patient-centered care. By knowing this timeline, nurses can better understand the importance of family involvement in patient outcomes and tailor their care approaches accordingly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 20. In nursing family-centered care, the concept of "holding" refers to the ability to keep a certain number of items in one's working memory. Research indicates that the average adult can hold about 7 (plus or minus 2) items in their working memory. This capacity to hold items decreases as the number of items increases. Option A) 30 is incorrect because it exceeds the typical capacity of working memory for most individuals. Holding 30 items in working memory would be highly challenging and unrealistic. Option C) 10 is closer to the average capacity of working memory, but it still slightly exceeds the typical range of 7 +/- 2 items. Holding 10 items may be more manageable for some individuals, but it does not align with the established research on working memory capacity. Option D) 25 also exceeds the typical range of working memory capacity. Holding 25 items would likely overload working memory, leading to decreased retention and processing of information. In an educational context, understanding the limitations of working memory capacity is crucial for healthcare professionals like nurses. Being aware of these limitations can help nurses prioritize information, communicate effectively with patients and families, and make sound clinical decisions. By choosing the correct answer, nurses can enhance their ability to provide safe and high-quality family-centered care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Oxytocin. Oxytocin is often referred to as the "love hormone" or "bonding hormone" because it plays a crucial role in promoting trust, empathy, and morality in humans. When oxytocin is released in the body, it fosters feelings of connection and social bonding, which are essential in forming and maintaining healthy relationships. In a nursing context, oxytocin is particularly important in facilitating the bond between a mother and her newborn during breastfeeding and in promoting positive interactions between healthcare providers and patients. The other options are not correct for this question: - B) Endorphins are neurotransmitters that help to relieve pain and induce feelings of pleasure. While endorphins play a role in mood regulation, they are not specifically associated with trust, empathy, and morality. - C) Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in reward-motivated behavior and pleasure. While dopamine is involved in regulating emotions and behavior, it is not directly linked to promoting trust, empathy, and morality. - D) Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is important for regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. While serotonin is crucial for overall well-being and mental health, it is not specifically known for provoking trust, empathy, and morality in the same way that oxytocin does. Understanding the role of oxytocin in human behavior and relationships is crucial for healthcare providers, especially nurses, as it can help them better understand and support their patients in building trust, expressing empathy, and making morally sound decisions. By recognizing the influence of oxytocin, nurses can enhance their communication skills, foster therapeutic relationships, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of nursing family-centered care, understanding a hedonic orientation is crucial for promoting positive affective experiences among patients and their families. The correct answer is C) The pleasant life. The pleasant life refers to seeking happiness and positive emotions through maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. In nursing practice, this orientation emphasizes creating a therapeutic environment that fosters comfort, joy, and overall well-being for patients and their families. By focusing on positive affective experiences, nurses can enhance the quality of care and promote healing. Option A) The engaged life and B) The meaningful life, on the other hand, refer to different aspects of well-being as described by positive psychology. The engaged life pertains to being fully absorbed and involved in activities, while the meaningful life involves a sense of purpose and fulfillment derived from contributing to something greater than oneself. While these are important in nursing practice, they do not directly address the hedonic orientation concerned with positive affective experiences as the pleasant life does. By understanding and applying the concept of the pleasant life in nursing family-centered care, nurses can effectively promote a positive emotional environment that supports the holistic well-being of patients and their families, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction.