A person says, "I was the only survivor in a small plane crash. Three business associates die I got depressed and saw a counselor twice a week for 4 weeks. We talked about my feelings related to being a survivor, and I'm better now." Which type of therapy was used?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Interpersonal psychotherapy. This therapy focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and communication skills to address emotional issues. In the scenario, the person sought help for feelings related to survivor's guilt, which falls under the scope of interpersonal psychotherapy. The counselor likely helped the person process emotions, improve coping strategies, and enhance social support. A: Systematic desensitization is used to treat phobias by gradually exposing the individual to the feared object or situation to reduce anxiety. B: Psychoanalysis involves exploring unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences over an extended period. C: Behavior modification focuses on changing specific behaviors through reinforcement and punishment techniques.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oculogyric crisis. This condition is characterized by sustained upward deviation of the eyes, commonly seen with antipsychotic medications like haloperidol. Akathisia is restlessness and inability to sit still, not related to eye movement. Retrocollis is sustained backward neck extension, not eye movement. Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary movements of the face and body, not specifically eye movement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because repeatedly checking the location of car keys is a common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This behavior reflects obsessive thoughts about losing the keys and compulsive actions to alleviate anxiety. Choice B indicates physical symptoms, not OCD. Choice C suggests social anxiety, not OCD. Choice D indicates symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, not OCD. Therefore, choice A is the best indicator of possible OCD due to the specific repetitive behavior related to obsessive thoughts.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The adult's statements indicate feelings of inadequacy and lack of confidence, which align with Erikson's stage of Autonomy versus shame and doubt. In this stage, individuals develop a sense of independence and self-assurance. The adult's expressions of self-doubt and disempowerment suggest an unresolved conflict from this stage. A: Initiative versus guilt - This stage pertains to developing a sense of purpose and direction in actions, not relevant to the adult's statements. B: Trust versus mistrust - This stage focuses on building trust in relationships, not directly related to the adult's self-perception issues. D: Generativity versus self-absorption - This stage involves contributing to society and future generations, not reflective of the adult's self-depreciating thoughts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gatekeeper. The member is facilitating the group by ensuring equal participation and time management. Gatekeepers help maintain communication flow and ensure everyone has a chance to speak. They focus on group dynamics and encourage participation without dominating the conversation. Group observer (A) mainly watches and records group interactions. Encouragers (C) provide support and positive feedback. Energizers (D) motivate and stimulate group energy but may not necessarily focus on time management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Interpersonal psychotherapy. This therapy focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and communication skills to address emotional issues. In the scenario, the person sought help for feelings related to survivor's guilt, which falls under the scope of interpersonal psychotherapy. The counselor likely helped the person process emotions, improve coping strategies, and enhance social support. A: Systematic desensitization is used to treat phobias by gradually exposing the individual to the feared object or situation to reduce anxiety. B: Psychoanalysis involves exploring unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences over an extended period. C: Behavior modification focuses on changing specific behaviors through reinforcement and punishment techniques.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because holding a care conference for a client who is having difficulty returning to school reflects service planning. This involves coordinating and organizing resources, collaborating with stakeholders, and developing a comprehensive plan to address the client's specific needs. Option A focuses on problem identification and seeking resources, not on planning services. Option B involves immediate follow-up but does not necessarily involve comprehensive planning. Option C focuses on a specific appointment with a nutritionist and does not encompass overall service planning for the client's needs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it encourages the patient to express their feelings without assuming or directing their response. This open-ended question allows the patient to share their emotional state freely, providing valuable insight into their psychological well-being. Choice B focuses specifically on depressed moods, which may limit the patient's response. Choice C is more focused on the patient's caregiving duration rather than their current emotional state. Choice D assumes the patient is feeling overwhelmed and may not capture the full range of emotions the patient is experiencing. Overall, choice A promotes effective communication and comprehensive assessment of the patient's psychological domain.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "We can pray together if you'd like." This is the most appropriate spiritual nursing intervention because it acknowledges and respects the patient's faith, offers emotional support, and fosters a connection between the nurse and the patient. It shows empathy and understanding of the patient's spiritual needs during a challenging time. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Taking the patient to visit the nurse's church may not align with the patient's faith and may not be comfortable for the patient. B: Requiring the patient to belong to the same church as the nurse to go to heaven is imposing the nurse's beliefs on the patient, which is inappropriate. C: Offering guided imagery may be helpful for relaxation, but it does not directly address the patient's spiritual needs or provide the emotional support that praying together can offer.