A peripheral blood smear showing increase in numbers of neutrophils, band cells, metamyelocytes, myelocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets is most suggestive

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic myelocytic leukemia. This is suggested by the presence of increased numbers of neutrophils, band cells, metamyelocytes, and myelocytes in the peripheral blood smear, which are characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia. Basophils and eosinophils are also increased in CML. Platelets may be increased due to reactive thrombocytosis. Acute myeloid leukemia (A) typically presents with more blasts in the peripheral blood. Acute lymphoid leukemia (B) would show lymphoblasts instead of myeloid cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (D) is characterized by an increase in mature lymphocytes, not myeloid cells.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: vasculitis. Thalassemia major is a genetic blood disorder that causes anemia. Vasculitis, inflammation of blood vessels, is not a common cause of abdominal pain in thalassemia. Splenic infarction, dragging pain at huge splenomegaly, and pigment stones in the gall bladder are associated with thalassemia major due to complications such as splenomegaly and increased bilirubin levels, leading to abdominal pain. Vasculitis is not typically seen in thalassemia major patients, making it the exception among the choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: chronic phenytoin therapy. Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication known to cause gum overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia), leading to swollen and enlarged gums, but not gum bleeding. Choices B, C, and D all involve conditions that are associated with gum bleeding. Aplastic anemia (B) is a blood disorder that can cause low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. Scurvy (C) is a condition caused by vitamin C deficiency, leading to weakened blood vessels and gum bleeding. Haemophilia (D) is a genetic disorder that impairs blood clotting, resulting in excessive bleeding, including gum bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Hydroxyurea Rationale: 1. Hydroxyurea is not a standard treatment for sideroblastic anemia. 2. Pyridoxine (A) is commonly used to treat pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia. 3. Desferroxamine (C) is used to remove excess iron in iron overload conditions, not specific to sideroblastic anemia. 4. Androgens (D) may be used to stimulate erythropoiesis in certain types of anemia, but not typically for sideroblastic anemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: emphysema. Bone marrow transplantation does not directly complicate or affect the lungs or cause emphysema. Cataract formation (A), leucoencephalopathy (B), and cardiomyopathy (C) are potential complications due to the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy on different organs. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease primarily caused by smoking or exposure to airborne irritants, not by bone marrow transplantation.