A peripheral blood smear showing increase in numbers of neutrophils, band cells, metamyelocytes, myelocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets is most suggestive

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, chronic myelocytic leukemia. The presence of increased numbers of neutrophils at various stages of maturation, along with increased basophils, eosinophils, and platelets, is characteristic of chronic myelocytic leukemia. This condition is marked by a myeloproliferative disorder, leading to an overproduction of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Acute myeloid leukemia (choice A) typically presents with a high number of blast cells rather than mature neutrophils. Acute lymphoid leukemia (choice B) primarily involves lymphoid cells, not myeloid cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (choice D) is characterized by the accumulation of mature lymphocytes, not myeloid cells as seen in this case.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: vasculitis. Thalassemia major primarily causes abdominal pain due to complications such as splenic infarction, dragging pain from splenomegaly, and pigment stones in the gall bladder. Vasculitis is not a common complication of thalassemia major, making it the exception. Vasculitis is inflammation of blood vessels, not typically associated with abdominal pain in thalassemia. Therefore, A is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because gum bleeding is not a characteristic of chronic phenytoin therapy. Phenytoin is used to treat seizures and does not directly cause gum bleeding. Aplastic anemia (B), scurvy (C), and hemophilia (D) are conditions that can lead to gum bleeding. Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow disorder, scurvy is a vitamin C deficiency, and hemophilia is a blood clotting disorder. Therefore, they are associated with gum bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: hydroxyurea. Sideroblastic anemia is characterized by defective heme synthesis, leading to iron accumulation in mitochondria. Pyridoxine (A) can help in some cases by improving heme synthesis. Desferroxamine (C) is an iron-chelating agent used to remove excess iron. Androgens (D) can stimulate erythropoiesis. Hydroxyurea (B) is not used to treat sideroblastic anemia but is commonly used in conditions like sickle cell disease to increase fetal hemoglobin levels. Therefore, it is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, emphysema. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition and does not directly complicate bone marrow transplantation. Cataract formation, leucoencephalopathy, and cardiomyopathy are potential complications due to radiation or chemotherapy used in the procedure affecting the eyes, brain, and heart, respectively. Emphysema is not related to the transplantation process and does not typically arise as a complication.