ATI RN
Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been found to have trace proteinuria. The prescriber writes an order for an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. What is the main reason for prescribing this class of drug for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Renal protective effects. ACE inhibitors are commonly prescribed in patients with type 2 diabetes and proteinuria to help protect the kidneys by reducing intraglomerular pressure and decreasing protein leakage. This helps slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Choice A is incorrect because while ACE inhibitors do have some cardioprotective effects, the primary reason for prescribing in this case is renal protection. Choice C is incorrect as reducing blood pressure is a secondary benefit of ACE inhibitors in this scenario. Choice D is incorrect as promoting fluid output is not the main mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors in this context.
Question 2 of 5
A patient newly diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) has been taking antitubercular drugs for 1 week calls the clinic and is very upset. He says, “My urine is dark orange! What’s wrong with me?” Which response by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because dark orange urine is a known side effect of antitubercular drugs, specifically rifampin. The nurse should reassure the patient that this is an expected reaction and educate him on what to expect while on the medication. This response helps alleviate the patient's concerns and promotes adherence to the treatment plan. Choice A is incorrect because stopping the medication abruptly can lead to treatment failure. Choice B is incorrect as dark orange urine is not indicative of worsening TB. Choice C is incorrect because it dismisses the patient's concern and does not provide proper information regarding the side effect.
Question 3 of 5
Half life (t ½) doesn’t depend on:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Time of drug absorption. Half-life is a pharmacokinetic parameter that represents the time required for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half. The half-life of a drug is not influenced by the time it takes for the drug to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Factors such as biotransformation, concentration in plasma, and the rate of drug elimination affect the half-life of a drug. Biotransformation can alter the drug's chemical structure, affecting its elimination rate. Higher plasma concentrations can lead to a longer half-life, while a faster rate of drug elimination results in a shorter half-life.
Question 4 of 5
Indicate the drug, which has greater potency of the local anesthetic action:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bupivacaine. Bupivacaine has a greater potency of local anesthetic action due to its higher lipid solubility and protein binding, leading to a slower onset and longer duration of action compared to other choices. Lidocaine (A) has a faster onset but shorter duration. Procaine (C) has a lower potency due to its lower lipid solubility. Mepivacaine (D) has a similar potency to lidocaine but with a shorter duration of action.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following direct-acting cholinomimetics is mainly muscarinic in action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bethanechol is the correct answer as it is mainly muscarinic in action. Bethanechol is a selective muscarinic receptor agonist with minimal nicotinic receptor activity. It is used to stimulate the bladder and gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Carbachol, while also a direct-acting cholinomimetic, has both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. Acetylcholine, the natural neurotransmitter, acts on both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. "None of the above" is incorrect as Bethanechol is mainly muscarinic in action.