A patient with tuberculosis is prescribed rifampin. What should the nurse teach the patient?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because rifampin can decrease the effectiveness of hormonal birth control methods. The nurse should educate the patient on the importance of using non-hormonal birth control methods while taking rifampin to prevent unintended pregnancy. A) Reporting orange discoloration of urine is a common side effect of rifampin and does not require immediate medical attention. B) Taking rifampin with food can help reduce gastrointestinal upset but is not the most crucial information to convey. D) Stopping medication once symptoms improve can lead to treatment failure and drug resistance. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics for tuberculosis treatment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do not smoke while using oxygen. Smoking near oxygen can lead to a fire hazard due to the highly flammable nature of oxygen. Smoking should be strictly avoided to prevent any potential accidents. A: Using oxygen continuously is essential for COPD patients, but the priority is to prevent fire hazards by not smoking while using oxygen. C: Increasing the flow rate without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous and may not address the underlying cause of shortness of breath. D: Removing oxygen during meals is unnecessary and can compromise oxygen delivery, which is crucial for COPD patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because puffing the cheeks while exhaling through pursed lips is not a correct technique for pursed-lip breathing. Pursed-lip breathing involves inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips, which helps improve breathing efficiency. Option A correctly describes the inhalation and exhalation process. Option B correctly mentions the recommended exhalation duration. Option C correctly suggests practicing pursed-lip breathing during activities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because an oxygen saturation of 85% on room air indicates severe hypoxemia and requires immediate intervention to prevent organ damage. Oxygen therapy is needed to improve oxygenation. Choice A (Barrel-shaped chest) is a common finding in patients with COPD but does not require immediate intervention. Choice C (Increased anterior-posterior chest diameter) is also a common finding in patients with COPD and does not require immediate intervention. Choice D (Productive cough with yellow sputum) is concerning for a respiratory infection but does not indicate an immediate need for intervention to address the hypoxemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct first action is to assess the patient's oxygen saturation (Choice A). Confusion in a patient with pneumonia could indicate hypoxemia, so assessing oxygen saturation helps determine if the confusion is due to inadequate oxygen supply. This step is crucial for immediate intervention. Notifying the healthcare provider (Choice B) can be important but should come after assessing the patient's oxygen saturation. Administering antibiotics (Choice C) is necessary but should not be the first action when a change in mental status occurs. Reassessing vital signs (Choice D) is important but may not provide immediate information on the cause of confusion.