A patient with testicular torsion is experiencing which abnormality?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Twisting of the testicle and spermatic cord. Testicular torsion is the twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to decreased blood flow to the testicle. This causes severe pain and swelling. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately describe the specific abnormality seen in testicular torsion. Choice A describes varicocele, choice C describes a spermatocele, and choice D describes hydrocele, which are different conditions altogether.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because slight chills and fever could indicate an infection post-endometrial biopsy, which requires immediate medical attention to prevent complications. Mild cramping (A) is expected after the procedure and can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. Spotting of blood (C) is a common side effect and should be monitored but does not require immediate reporting. Fatigue (D) after anesthesia is a normal response and should resolve with rest.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Budding. In budding, a new organism develops as an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism. This process results in the formation of a genetically identical offspring. Sponges reproduce asexually through budding by forming small growths, which eventually detach and grow into new individuals. Fission (A) involves the splitting of an organism into two separate organisms, which is not how sponges reproduce. Fragmentation (C) is the breaking of the parent organism into fragments, with each fragment developing into a new individual, but this is not how sponges reproduce asexually. Parthenogenesis (D) is a form of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual, which is not the method used by sponges.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis II does not lead to genetic variation. This is because crossing over occurs during meiosis I, not meiosis II. Meiosis II is when the separated chromatids are pulled apart to form haploid cells. Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis (A) and random fertilization between ovum and sperm (B) both contribute to genetic variation by creating unique combinations of alleles. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I (C) also leads to genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the SRY protein is responsible for causing the regression of the Wolffian duct in male development. This process leads to the formation of male reproductive structures such as the vas deferens. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Hypospadias is actually caused by the incomplete closure of the urethral groove during development. B: The connection between the tunica vaginalis and the abdominal cavity closes after the descent of the testis, not before. D: The ampulla of the fallopian tube is not involved in male reproduction; it is actually the site of fertilization in the female reproductive system.