A patient with SIADH is treated with water restriction. What does the patient experience when the nurse determines that treatment has been effective?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B is the correct answer: Increased urine output, increased serum sodium, and decreased urine specific gravity. When a patient with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) is treated with water restriction, the goal is to correct the excess water retention and dilutional hyponatremia caused by the excessive release of antidiuretic hormone. The correct answer reflects the expected outcomes of effective treatment. With water restriction, the patient will excrete more water through increased urine output, leading to a reduction in total body water. As a result, the serum sodium concentration will increase back to normal levels, addressing the initial hyponatremia. The decrease in urine specific gravity indicates that the urine is becoming less concentrated as the body eliminates excess water. Now, let's analyze the other options: - Option A: This is incorrect as it suggests decreased serum sodium, which is the opposite of the expected outcome of treatment for SIADH. - Option C: This is incorrect as it suggests decreased urine output, which would not be expected with effective treatment for SIADH. - Option D: This is incorrect as it suggests decreased serum sodium, which is not the expected result of treatment for SIADH. Educationally, understanding the treatment and expected outcomes of SIADH is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to provide effective care to patients with this condition. Recognizing the signs of effective treatment, such as the changes in urine output, serum sodium levels, and urine specific gravity, is essential for monitoring the patient's response to therapy and ensuring positive outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Administering β-adrenergic blockers. In the management of a patient with pheochromocytoma, the priority nursing intervention is to administer β-adrenergic blockers. Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal gland that can cause excessive release of catecholamines, leading to severe hypertension and other cardiovascular complications. β-adrenergic blockers help counteract the effects of excess catecholamines, such as high blood pressure and tachycardia, which are common in patients with pheochromocytoma. Option A) Administering IV fluids is not the priority intervention in this case because fluid administration may exacerbate hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma due to the excess catecholamine release. Option C) Monitoring blood pressure is important but not the priority over administering β-adrenergic blockers to address the underlying cause of hypertension. Option D) Monitoring intake and output and daily weights is a routine nursing intervention but does not address the immediate need to control the cardiovascular effects of excess catecholamines in pheochromocytoma. Educational Context: Understanding the pathophysiology of pheochromocytoma and the role of β-adrenergic blockers in managing its cardiovascular manifestations is crucial for nursing practice. Prioritizing interventions based on the acute needs of the patient can prevent complications and optimize outcomes in such critical situations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B) 4-6 P.M. because Lente insulin typically peaks around 4-12 hours after administration. Since Mr. Johnson received his dose at 7:30 A.M., the time frame of 4-6 P.M. aligns with when he is most likely to experience hypoglycemia due to the peak action of the insulin. Monitoring during this window allows for timely intervention if his blood sugar drops too low. Option A) 10-11 A.M. is too soon after the dose for hypoglycemia to typically occur as Lente insulin does not peak this early. Option C) between 2 A.M. and breakfast is incorrect as it does not coincide with the expected peak action time of Lente insulin. Option D) immediately after the injection is also incorrect as hypoglycemia is not an immediate risk with Lente insulin but rather occurs later due to its slower onset and longer duration of action. Educationally, understanding the timing of insulin action is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure patient safety and effective management of diabetes. By knowing when to expect peak effects and potential side effects like hypoglycemia, healthcare professionals can provide appropriate care and support to patients like Mr. Johnson.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Having greatly reduced symptoms on maintenance cortisone. Rationale: After a unilateral adrenalectomy, the patient will experience a decrease in cortisol production from the affected adrenal gland. As a result, the patient may require maintenance cortisone to replace the lost cortisol and manage symptoms effectively. This option reflects a realistic goal for Mrs. A. as it acknowledges the need for ongoing medical management post-surgery to control symptoms and ensure optimal health. Option A) Being free of symptoms without medication is incorrect because after adrenalectomy, the patient may still require cortisone replacement therapy to manage symptoms effectively. Option C) Being free of symptoms on daily ACTH injections is incorrect as ACTH is not typically used for symptom management post-adrenalectomy. Option D) Having activity restricted for life is incorrect as with proper medical management, patients can resume normal activities post-surgery. Educational Context: Understanding the postoperative care and management of patients undergoing adrenalectomy is crucial for healthcare providers. It is essential to recognize the need for cortisone replacement therapy and ongoing symptom management to ensure the patient's well-being and quality of life. By selecting the most appropriate discharge goal for Mrs. A., healthcare providers can support her recovery and long-term health outcomes effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Levothyroxine taken orally daily. This medication is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism as it replaces the deficient thyroid hormone in the body. Levothyroxine helps to regulate metabolism, energy levels, and overall body functions in individuals with an underactive thyroid gland. Option A) Testosterone gel applied daily is incorrect as it is used to treat low testosterone levels, not hypothyroidism. Option C) Rapid-acting insulin injections taken with food are for managing diabetes, not hypothyroidism. Option D) Propranolol taken daily until symptoms resolve is a beta-blocker used to manage symptoms like rapid heart rate and tremors in hyperthyroidism, not for treating hypothyroidism. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to have a solid understanding of the appropriate medications for different endocrine disorders. Patient education is essential in ensuring medication adherence and optimal treatment outcomes. Understanding the rationale behind specific medication choices empowers healthcare providers to provide accurate information to patients like Anthony, thereby enhancing patient understanding and compliance with their treatment plans.