A patient with schizophrenia is admitted to the psychiatric unit in an acutely disturbed, violent state. He is given several doses of haloperidol (Haldol) and becomes calm and The patient has _________ , and the nurse should _________.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: a dystonic reaction…administer PRN IM benztropine (Cogentin). Rationale: 1. Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic that can cause extrapyramidal symptoms like dystonic reactions. 2. Dystonic reactions are characterized by muscle spasms and abnormal postures. 3. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication that helps alleviate dystonic reactions by blocking acetylcholine. 4. Administering benztropine intramuscularly (IM) is appropriate for quick relief in acute situations. Summary: B: Tardive dyskinesia is a late-developing side effect of antipsychotics, not an acute reaction like dystonic reactions. C: Waxy flexibility is a catatonic symptom, not related to extrapyramidal side effects. D: Akathisia is restlessness and an inability to sit still, not a dystonic reaction that would require ben

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: parietal lobe. The parietal lobe is primarily responsible for processing mathematical calculations and spatial reasoning. Damage to this area can lead to difficulties with mathematical tasks. The frontal lobe is more associated with higher cognitive functions like decision-making and planning. The temporal lobe is involved in memory and language processing. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information. Therefore, the parietal lobe is the most likely area involved in the patient's difficulty with mathematical calculations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "It’s thought that the immune system is negatively affected by high stress." This answer aligns with the current understanding in psychoneuroimmunology that high levels of stress can indeed weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses like cancer. Chronic stress can lead to dysregulation of the immune system, increasing inflammation and impairing immune responses. Choice B is incorrect because there is substantial evidence supporting the impact of stress on the immune system. Choice C is inaccurate as numerous studies have demonstrated the link between stress and physical health outcomes. Choice D is misleading as various types of stress, not just grief and depression, can contribute to physical illness. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately reflects the relationship between stress and the immune system, which is crucial in understanding the potential impact of stress on the development of cancer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: diazepam (Valium). Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that is commonly used for its anxiolytic properties. It works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, leading to a calming effect. In the given situation of a patient panicking after receiving traumatic news, diazepam can help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: B: zolpidem (Ambien) is a sedative-hypnotic primarily used for treating insomnia, not anxiety or panic. C: phenobarbital is a barbiturate with sedative and anticonvulsant properties, but it is not commonly used for acute anxiety or panic attacks. D: cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) is a muscle relaxant and does not have anxiolytic properties to help with panic or anxiety.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypotension. Vasodilators relax blood vessels, leading to decreased blood pressure. In older adults, the risk of hypotension is higher due to age-related changes in cardiovascular function. This can result in dizziness, falls, and potential cardiovascular complications. Dry mouth (A), restlessness (B), and constipation (C) are not typically associated with vasodilators and are less concerning compared to the risk of hypotension in elderly patients.