A patient with renal failure is on a low phosphate diet. Which food should the nurse instruct unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to remove from the patient's food tray?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skim Milk. Skim milk is high in phosphorus, which is not suitable for a patient on a low phosphate diet due to renal failure. The rationale is to limit phosphorus intake to prevent further complications. Grape juice (B), tea (C), and mixed green salad (D) are lower in phosphorus compared to skim milk and can be included in a low phosphate diet.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because an increase in weight indicates fluid retention. In this case, the weight increased from 97.5 kg to 99 kg, suggesting a gain of 1.5 kg, which corresponds to fluid retention of 1.5 liters. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the situation described in the question. Choice A does not account for fluid retention, choice C suggests fluid loss despite weight gain, and choice D mentions insensible losses which are not relevant to the weight gain observed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is a complication that can occur during hemodialysis, presenting with symptoms like headache due to rapid changes in electrolyte levels and osmolarity. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Symptoms mentioned are not specific to dialyzer membrane incompatibility. B: Shift in potassium levels might cause symptoms like muscle weakness or cardiac arrhythmias, not specifically headache. C: A shift in potassium levels is not the primary cause of a headache during hemodialysis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal ultrasound. Renal ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure commonly used to assess kidney function by visualizing the size, shape, and structure of the kidneys. It can detect abnormalities such as kidney stones or cysts. A: Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) is an imaging test that provides information on the size and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder but does not directly assess kidney function. B: X-ray can show the outline of the kidneys but is not specific for evaluating kidney function. D: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a more detailed imaging technique that can provide information about kidney structure but is not typically used as a first-line diagnostic tool for routine kidney function assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: intracellular fluid. This is because approximately 2/3 of the body's water is found within the cells (intracellular fluid), making it the largest compartment. Synovial fluid (A) is found in joints, plasma (B) is the liquid part of blood, and interstitial fluid (C) is the fluid between cells. While all compartments play important roles, intracellular fluid contains the majority of the body's water.