A patient with osteopenia asks a nurse about the benefits of hormone therapy in preventing osteoporosis. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hormone therapy (HT) can help prevent further bone loss by reducing bone resorption, but it does not reverse existing bone loss or increase bone mass significantly. It can slightly decrease fracture risk during use, but this benefit is not permanent—bone loss resumes rapidly after discontinuation. Thus, option D is correct as it accurately reflects the transient nature of HT’s effects on bone mass.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) "I will take the pill 30 minutes before sex." This statement indicates a need for further teaching because the administration of papaverine plus phentolamine for erectile dysfunction should not be timed right before sexual activity. Explanation: A) "I can expect rapid onset of an erection." - This statement is correct as papaverine plus phentolamine works quickly to induce an erection. C) "I should get up from my seat slowly when taking this." - This statement is not directly related to the administration of the medication and does not indicate a need for further teaching. D) "I will notify the provider if I feel hard areas on my penis." - This statement shows an understanding of potential side effects and the need to report them, which is correct. Educational Context: Patients need to be educated on the proper administration of medications to ensure effectiveness and safety. In the case of papaverine plus phentolamine, it is important to follow the healthcare provider's instructions on timing and dosage to achieve the desired outcome while minimizing risks. Patients should be aware of potential side effects and when to seek medical advice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of treating hypovolemic shock due to severe blood loss with dopamine, the correct accompanying order for the medication to be effective is A) fluid replacement. Dopamine is a medication that works by increasing heart contractions and blood pressure, which can help improve blood flow to vital organs in cases of shock. However, for dopamine to effectively increase blood pressure, there must be an adequate amount of fluid in the bloodstream to pump effectively. Fluid replacement is essential in this scenario because it helps to increase the circulating blood volume, which in turn enhances the effectiveness of dopamine in improving cardiac output and perfusion to vital organs. Without adequate fluid replacement, the use of dopamine alone may not be as effective and could potentially lead to further complications. Beta-stimulating drugs (option B) are not typically used in conjunction with dopamine for hypovolemic shock. Antibodies (option C) are not relevant in this context. Fluid restriction (option D) would be counterproductive in treating hypovolemic shock, as the primary goal is to increase fluid volume to improve perfusion and oxygen delivery to tissues. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind the need for fluid replacement when administering medications like dopamine in the treatment of hypovolemic shock is crucial for healthcare providers. It highlights the importance of considering the physiological mechanisms of action of medications and how they interact with the body's current state to provide optimal patient care. This knowledge ensures safe and effective medication administration practices in critical situations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of administering medication to the wrong client, option B, "document the error if the client has an adverse reaction," is the correct answer. The rationale behind this is to ensure that there is a detailed record of the error, the client's response, and the actions taken, which is essential for transparency, accountability, and improving patient safety. Option A, "monitor client for adverse reactions," is incorrect in this scenario because the focus should not just be on monitoring for adverse reactions but on taking immediate corrective actions and documenting the error. Option C, "report the error to the health care provider," is an essential step as well, as it ensures that the healthcare provider is informed of the error and can provide further guidance or interventions. This step is crucial in preventing harm to the patient. Option D, "notify the hospital legal department of the error," is not the most appropriate immediate action to take. While legal implications may need to be addressed later, the priority lies in ensuring the safety and well-being of the patient and taking immediate corrective and documentation actions. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of medication administration accuracy, the significance of timely error reporting and documentation, and the need for a systematic approach to managing medication errors to prevent harm and improve patient care quality. Nurses need to understand the correct steps to take in such situations to uphold patient safety and professional standards.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acyclovir is an antiviral used to treat genital herpes. Increasing fluid intake (A) helps maintain hydration and supports kidney function, as acyclovir is excreted renally. Reporting neurological symptoms like dizziness or confusion (B) is critical due to potential side effects. Using barrier methods like condoms (E) prevents transmission. Decreasing fluid intake (C) is incorrect as it could increase drug concentration to toxic levels, and taking the drug only during symptoms (D) contradicts the need for consistent dosing to suppress the virus.