A patient with Klinefelter syndrome can be seen as:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Klinefelter is 47, XXY male (A). Rationale: Extra X causes male infertility, tall stature, etc. Females cannot be XXY (SRY on Y); 45, X is Turner syndrome (female).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chromatin is decondensed in interphase (for gene expression) and condensed in M phase (mitosis, for segregation). 'C' (Decondensed, Condensed) is correct. Rationale: Interphase chromatin is diffuse to allow transcription, while M phase (prophase to metaphase) condenses chromosomes into visible, compact structures for division.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Segregation involves homologous chromosomes separating; independent assortment involves different chromosomes assorting independently. 'B' is correct. Rationale: Mendel’s laws: segregation (alleles on homologs split in meiosis I), assortment (non-homologous chromosomes align randomly).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alpha satellite DNA is at the centromere (B). Rationale: These repetitive sequences define the centromere, aiding kinetochore attachment, distinct from telomeres or p-arms of acrocentrics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: SRY gene (B) causes 46, XX males. Rationale: SRY translocation to X or autosome in XX individuals triggers male development; AZFa affects spermatogenesis, not sex determination.