ATI RN
Adult Health Nursing Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with interstitial lung disease (ILD) develops progressive dyspnea, non-productive cough, and fine inspiratory crackles on auscultation. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest reveals diffuse reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis. Which of the following ILD subtypes is most likely to present with these clinical and radiographic features?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of a patient with progressive dyspnea, non-productive cough, fine inspiratory crackles, and HRCT findings of diffuse reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis is highly suggestive of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a specific subtype of ILD characterized by progressive scarring of the lung tissue, leading to the symptoms mentioned above. The presence of reticular opacities and traction bronchiectasis on HRCT is a typical finding in IPF.
Question 2 of 5
A patient presents with recurrent episodes of venous thrombosis, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), despite no apparent provoking factors. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Factor V Leiden mutation is the most common inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis. In this condition, there is a specific mutation in the factor V gene (also known as factor V Leiden) that makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C. This resistance leads to excessive clot formation, increasing the risk of recurrent venous thrombosis like DVT and PE. Patients with Factor V Leiden mutation may have a history of recurrent unprovoked venous thrombosis at a young age. In comparison, antithrombin III deficiency, protein C deficiency, and protein S deficiency are other inherited thrombophilias that may increase the risk of venous thrombosis, but Factor V Leiden mutation is the most likely cause in this case based on the presentation of recurrent episodes without apparent provoking factors.
Question 3 of 5
A patient presents with pallor, fatigue, and dyspnea on exertion. Laboratory tests reveal a low hemoglobin level, low MCV, and elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
A patient presents with generalized weakness, headache, and difficulty concentrating. Laboratory tests reveal normocytic normochromic anemia, normal iron studies, and elevated serum erythropoietin levels. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient in this scenario presents with normocytic normochromic anemia, normal iron studies, and elevated serum erythropoietin levels. These findings are characteristic of anemia of chronic disease, which is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD, there is a decrease in renal production of erythropoietin, leading to reduced stimulation of erythropoiesis and subsequent anemia. The normocytic normochromic anemia pattern is typical in anemia of chronic disease, as opposed to microcytic hypochromic anemia seen in iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia. Aplastic anemia is characterized by pancytopenia, which is not described in the scenario. Therefore, the most likely cause of the patient's presentation is chronic kidney disease.
Question 5 of 5
A patient presents with sudden-onset weakness and sensory loss on one side of the body along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech. Imaging reveals an acute infarction involving the right middle cerebral artery territory. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient is presenting with sudden-onset weakness and sensory loss on one side of the body along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech, which are classic symptoms of a stroke. The involvement of the right middle cerebral artery territory on imaging suggests an acute infarction, confirming an ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs due to a blockage or obstruction within a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients reaching brain tissue. This results in neurological deficits corresponding to the affected area of the brain. In contrast, a transient ischemic attack (TIA) would present with similar symptoms but resolve within 24 hours without evidence of acute infarction on imaging. Intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage involve bleeding into the brain tissue or the space surrounding the brain, respectively, resulting in different clinical presentations.