A patient with hypoparathyroidism resulting from surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism is preparing for discharge. What should the nurse teach the patient?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Calcium supplements with vitamin D can effectively maintain calcium balance. This is the most appropriate teaching for a patient with hypoparathyroidism post-surgical treatment for hyperparathyroidism because it addresses the specific issue of calcium imbalance that arises from the reduced parathyroid function. Option A) is incorrect because increasing dairy intake alone may not provide sufficient calcium and vitamin D to maintain the required balance, especially in cases of hypoparathyroidism. Option B) is incorrect as routine parenteral replacement of parathyroid hormone is not typically required for life and is not the standard of care. Option D) is incorrect as bran and whole-grain foods are not specifically indicated for managing the GI effects of replacement therapy in hypoparathyroidism. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to understand the specific dietary and therapeutic needs of patients with endocrine disorders. Providing accurate and tailored education to patients empowers them to manage their condition effectively and prevent complications. By explaining the rationale behind the correct answer, patients can make informed decisions about their health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of Mrs. Jones, a 46-year-old diabetic who is overweight, managing her diet should assume the greatest priority. This is because diet plays a crucial role in controlling blood sugar levels in diabetics. By educating Mrs. Jones on the importance of a balanced diet, low in sugar and carbohydrates, she can better manage her diabetes and potentially lose weight, which can further improve her condition. Exercise, while important, may not be the immediate priority as dietary changes can have a more significant impact on blood sugar levels. Foot care and eye care are also important aspects of diabetes management, but they are secondary to diet in terms of immediate importance. In an educational context, this question highlights the significance of dietary management in diabetes care. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to prioritize teaching patients about nutrition and its impact on their condition. By focusing on diet first, patients like Mrs. Jones can take proactive steps towards better managing their diabetes and overall health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Severe tachycardia. A thyroid storm is a severe, life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism characterized by a surge in thyroid hormones. Severe tachycardia, or a rapid heartbeat, is a hallmark symptom of a thyroid storm and indicates a significant increase in the body's metabolic rate. Immediate intervention is necessary to prevent complications like heart failure or arrhythmias. Option A) Hypothermia is incorrect as individuals in a thyroid storm typically have a high fever due to the increased metabolic activity associated with hyperthyroidism. Option B) Low blood pressure is incorrect because individuals in a thyroid storm often present with hypertension due to the increased cardiac output and peripheral resistance caused by excess thyroid hormones. Option D) Weight gain is incorrect because hyperthyroidism is associated with weight loss due to increased metabolism, and weight gain would not be a typical symptom in a thyroid storm. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of a thyroid storm is crucial for healthcare providers to provide timely and appropriate care. Recognizing the urgency of addressing severe tachycardia in a thyroid storm can prevent life-threatening complications and improve patient outcomes. It underscores the importance of quick assessment and intervention in managing endocrine emergencies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of assessing a client's general status and ruling out disorders related to the endocrine system, option B, which is a complete blood count and chemistry profile, is the most appropriate choice. This is because a complete blood count (CBC) provides information about red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which can indicate various health conditions like anemia or infections. The chemistry profile, on the other hand, evaluates organ function and can detect abnormalities in blood glucose levels, electrolytes, and kidney or liver function, which are crucial in diagnosing endocrine disorders such as diabetes or thyroid issues. Option A, which only includes a complete blood count, may provide some information about blood cell counts but lacks the comprehensive evaluation of organ function that the chemistry profile offers. Option C, which suggests only a chemistry profile, may not give a complete picture of the client's general health status as it does not include information on blood cell counts. Option D, radiographs of the chest or abdomen, are imaging studies that are not typically used as initial diagnostic tests for assessing general health status and ruling out endocrine disorders; they are more useful for visualizing anatomical structures. In an educational context, understanding the significance of different diagnostic tests in assessing endocrine disorders is crucial for healthcare professionals. By choosing the correct combination of tests like a complete blood count and chemistry profile, practitioners can gather comprehensive information to make accurate diagnoses and provide appropriate treatment plans for clients with endocrine-related concerns. This emphasizes the importance of selecting the most relevant and comprehensive diagnostic tools to ensure effective patient care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Signs of hyperthyroidism. During initial therapy with a thyroid replacement, it is common for patients to experience signs of hyperthyroidism. This occurs because the body is adjusting to the introduction of thyroid hormone, which can initially lead to an excess of thyroid hormone levels in the blood. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include palpitations, tremors, weight loss, heat intolerance, and anxiety. Option A) Allergy is incorrect because while allergic reactions can occur with medications, they are not the most common adverse reaction during initial thyroid replacement therapy. Option C) Weight loss is incorrect because although weight changes can be a symptom of thyroid dysfunction, it is not the most common adverse reaction during initial thyroid replacement therapy. Option D) Bones becoming demineralized is incorrect because this would be a long-term effect of untreated or improperly managed thyroid disorders, not a common adverse reaction during initial thyroid replacement therapy. In an educational context, understanding the common adverse reactions during initial therapy with a thyroid replacement is crucial for healthcare professionals to monitor and manage patient care effectively. Recognizing signs of hyperthyroidism early on can help prevent complications and ensure proper adjustment of medication dosages to achieve optimal thyroid hormone levels in the body.