ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with hyperparathyroidism presents with lethargy and bone pain. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypercalcemia. In hyperparathyroidism, there is excess parathyroid hormone leading to increased calcium levels in the blood. This results in symptoms like lethargy and bone pain. Hypocalcemia (A) is incorrect as it is the opposite of what occurs in hyperparathyroidism. Hyperkalemia (C) and Hyponatremia (D) are less likely as they are not typically associated with hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcemia is the most common electrolyte imbalance seen in hyperparathyroidism due to increased bone resorption and calcium release.
Question 2 of 5
While the nurse is washing the face of a patient in renal failure, the patient demonstrates a spasm of the lips and face. Which laboratory value corresponds with the nurse's assessment findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium of 7.9 mg/dL. In renal failure, there is a disruption in calcium-phosphate balance leading to hypocalcemia. A low calcium level can cause muscle spasms, including facial muscles. Potassium (Choice A) imbalance typically presents with cardiac symptoms. Sodium (Choice C) imbalance may lead to neurological symptoms. Phosphorus (Choice D) imbalance is associated with bone and muscle weakness, not spasms.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young patient with asthma. Which activity should the nurse encourage in order to help prevent respiratory acidosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Deep-breathing exercises help improve lung function and prevent respiratory acidosis by promoting proper oxygen exchange. This activity can prevent the buildup of carbon dioxide in the lungs, which can lead to respiratory acidosis. Options B, C, and D do not directly address respiratory function and would not be as effective in preventing respiratory acidosis. Drinking fluids, ambulating, or sleeping with the head of the bed elevated can be beneficial for overall health but may not specifically target the prevention of respiratory acidosis in a patient with asthma.
Question 4 of 5
The count of the solution in the IV container at the beginning of the shift is 800 mL. A new 1000-mL bag was hung during the shift and has 650-mL left at the end of the shift. What amount should the nurse record as the IV fluid intake for the shift?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 1150 mL. The nurse should record the total volume of IV fluid administered during the shift, which includes both the initial 800 mL in the IV container and the 350 mL (1000 mL - 650 mL) used from the new bag. Therefore, the total IV fluid intake for the shift is 800 mL + 350 mL = 1150 mL. Option A (1000 mL) is incorrect because it only accounts for the new IV bag volume, not the initial IV container volume. Option B (1050 mL) is incorrect as it does not consider the volume left in the new IV bag. Option C (1100 mL) is incorrect because it only includes the initial IV container volume and not the volume used from the new bag. Only option D correctly incorporates both the initial IV container and the new bag volumes.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse reminds the patient that the three body mechanisms that attempt to compensate to correct acid-base imbalances are the buffer, the respiratory system, and the _____.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating acid-base balance by excreting or reabsorbing bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. They help maintain the body's pH within a normal range. The other choices, A: Lungs, primarily regulate carbon dioxide levels through respiration, while B: Stomach is not directly involved in acid-base balance. D: Brain does not directly participate in compensating for acid-base imbalances.