A patient with gout has recently been started on allopurinol and is undergoing dose titration. What laboratory test should be monitored at monthly follow-up visits during this period?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Allopurinol reduces uric acid; monitoring serum uric acid assesses efficacy not urinalysis (stones), creatinine (kidney), AST (liver), or none. This specifies gout management, key for therapy adjustment, contrasting with renal/liver focus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Glomerulus is the capillary tuft in the corpuscle not podocytes (cells), calyx, pyramid, or sinus. This defines filtration site, critical for GFR, contrasting with other terms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bladder is partially peritoneal (superior covered) not kidneys, ureters (retroperitoneal), or nephrons (within kidney). This corrects position, vital for anatomy, contrasting with full retroperitoneal parts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: PCT handles ~65-70% reabsorption and secretion not loop, DCT, or collecting (fine-tuning). This specifies primary site, key for filtrate processing, contrasting with later segments.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) from kidneys boosts RBCs not thrombopoietin, vitamin D, or renin. This specifies hematopoietic role, key for anemia, contrasting with other hormones.