ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with fears of serious heart disease was referred to the mental health center by a cardiologist. Extensive diagnostic evaluation showed no physical illness. The patient says, 'My chest is tight, and my heart misses beats. I'm often absent from work. I don't go out much because I need to rest.' Which health problem is most likely?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis) involves preoccupation with fears of having a serious disease even when evidence to the contrary is available. The preoccupation causes impairment in social or occupational functioning. Somatic symptom disorder involves fewer symptoms. Dysthymic disorder is a disorder of lowered mood. Antisocial disorder applies to a personality disorder in which the individual has little regard for the rights of others.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse provides health education for an adult with sleep deprivation. It is most important for the nurse to encourage caution when the patient engages in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
Which person would be most likely to experience sleep fragmentation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Obese adults experience more disruption of sleep stages, resulting in fragmentation. Obesity is the leading factor for obstructive sleep apnea, which causes sleep fragmentation. These changes are also associated with illness and some medications. The changes are evident on a hypnogram. An adolescent with anorexia nervosa would have a low body weight and therefore decreased risk for sleep fragmentation. Persons with arthritis have pain that may sometimes interrupt sleep, but it would not have as high risk as would obesity. Toddlers do not generally experience sleep fragmentation.
Question 4 of 5
Normally, most people sleep at night. What is the physiological rationale?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The master biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus regulates sleep as well as other physiological processes. Darkness cues the clock for sleep. Light cues it for wakefulness. Light stimulates retinal messages. Histamine release is associated with wakefulness. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system promotes alertness.
Question 5 of 5
A 76-year-old man tells the nurse at the sleep disorder clinic, I awaken almost nightly in the midst of violent dreams in which I am defending myself against multiple attackers. Then I realize I have been hitting and kicking my wife. She has bruises. Which health problem is most likely?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The scenario describes REM sleep behavior disorder in which the patient engages in violent and complex behaviors during REM sleep as though acting out his dreams. Older men have a higher incidence of this problem.Sleep paralysis refers to the sudden inability to perform voluntary movement at either sleep onset or awakening from sleep. Bruxism refers to grinding teeth during stage 2 sleep. Night terror disorder occurs as arousal in the first third of the night during non-REM sleep, accompanied by feelings of panic.