A patient with extremely high blood pressure (BP) is in the emergency department. The physician will order therapy with nitroglycerin to manage the patient™s BP. Which form of nitroglycerin is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a patient with extremely high blood pressure requiring immediate treatment in the emergency department, the most appropriate form of nitroglycerin is the intravenous (IV) infusion. IV nitroglycerin allows for rapid onset of action, precise control of the dosage, and continuous monitoring of blood pressure to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. In this critical situation, the sublingual spray, transdermal patch, and oral capsule forms would not provide the rapid and precise control needed to manage the patient's high blood pressure effectively. IV nitroglycerin is the preferred route of administration for patients with hypertensive emergencies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option B) Lethargy. Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. Lethargy is a common symptom of hyponatremia because low sodium levels can affect brain function and lead to fatigue and confusion. Option A) Red, flushed skin is not a symptom of hyponatremia. It is more commonly associated with conditions like fever or allergic reactions. Option C) Decreased urination is not a symptom of hyponatremia. In fact, hyponatremia can sometimes lead to an increase in urination due to the effects on kidney function. Option D) Hypotension is not a typical symptom of hyponatremia. Low sodium levels can affect blood volume and potentially lead to changes in blood pressure, but hypotension is not a direct symptom of hyponatremia. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of electrolyte imbalances, such as hyponatremia, is crucial for nurses monitoring patients on diuretic therapy. Recognizing these symptoms early can help prevent complications and guide appropriate interventions to maintain electrolyte balance and ensure patient safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Beta blockers are medications commonly used to treat angina by reducing the heart's workload and oxygen demand. One common side effect of beta blockers is bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate. Since beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart, they can slow down the heart rate. It is important for the nurse to monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of bradycardia, such as fatigue, dizziness, and confusion, especially when assessing a patient taking beta blockers for angina.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are primarily used to treat patients with severe anemia, where the patient's red blood cell count is significantly low. Severe anemia can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath due to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. By transfusing PRBCs, the patient can receive a concentrated dose of red blood cells to help improve their oxygen levels and overall health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ondansetron can be administered through two main routes: orally (PO) and intravenously (IV). PO administration involves taking the medication by mouth, typically in the form of tablets or oral dissolving films. IV administration is done by injecting the medication directly into a vein, allowing for rapid onset of action. Ondansetron is not typically administered subcutaneously (C) or intramuscularly (IM).