A patient with elevated lipid levels has a new prescription for nicotinic acid (niacin). The nurse informs the patient that which adverse effects may occur with this medication?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is commonly associated with adverse effects of pruritus (itching) and cutaneous flushing (redness and warmth of the skin). These side effects are usually dose-related and can be alleviated by taking aspirin or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 30 minutes before taking niacin. It's important for the nurse to inform the patient about these common side effects so that they are aware of what to expect and how to manage them if they occur.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ginkgo is known to have anticoagulant properties that can interact with and enhance the effects of anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin. Therefore, patients taking anticoagulant therapy should avoid herbal products containing ginkgo to prevent excessive anticoagulation and the risk of bleeding complications. It is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients on potential herb-drug interactions to ensure their safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lithium is commonly used as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It helps reduce the intensity of manic episodes, thereby stabilizing the patient's mood and preventing extreme mood swings. While lithium is primarily known for its mood-stabilizing effects, it is not used to lower blood glucose, slow the heart, or heal ulcers.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Premature infants, especially those born very premature or with health complications, often require blood transfusions due to their underdeveloped organs and medical conditions. Their small size and medical fragility make them the age group that typically uses the most units of blood and blood products. This high demand for blood products is necessary to support their growth, development, and overall health. Conversely, while individuals in other age groups may also require blood transfusions, premature infants have specific and ongoing needs that often result in a greater overall use of blood and blood products in this age group.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Angiotensin II receptor agents medications usually end in -sartan. Examples of such medications include losartan, valsartan, and telmisartan. These drugs work by blocking the action of angiotensin II at its receptor sites, resulting in vasodilation and decreased aldosterone secretion. This class of medications is commonly used to treat conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy.