ATI RN
Med Surg Cardiovascular Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic stable angina has a new order for captopril . The nurse should teach the patient that the primary purpose of captopril is to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor commonly used in patients with heart conditions. Step 2: In a patient with chronic stable angina, captopril primarily works to prevent changes in heart muscle by reducing cardiac workload and improving blood flow. Step 3: By preventing changes in heart muscle, captopril helps to reduce the risk of complications in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic stable angina. Step 4: The other choices (A: decrease heart rate, B: control blood glucose levels, D: reduce frequency of chest pain) are not the primary purposes of captopril in this patient population, making them incorrect. Summary: The correct answer is C because captopril's primary purpose in this scenario is to prevent changes in heart muscle, while the other choices do not align with the mechanism of action and intended outcomes of captopril in this patient population.
Question 2 of 5
A child returns to his room after a cardiac catheterization. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain the child on bed rest with the affected extremity immobilized. After a cardiac catheterization, it is important to keep the affected extremity immobilized to prevent bleeding or injury at the insertion site. Bed rest is also necessary to reduce the risk of complications. Allowing the child to move around or sit in a chair could increase the risk of bleeding or injury. Choice A does not specify immobilizing the affected extremity, which is crucial post-procedure. Choice C involves unnecessary movement, which can be detrimental. Choice D allows sitting, which may not provide enough rest for proper recovery.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to discharge a client after CABG surgery. The client is taking several new medications, including digoxin (Lanoxin), metoprolol (Lopressor), and furosemide (Lasix). The client complains of nausea and anorexia. The nurse is preparing to report this finding to the physician before discharging the client. Which laboratory result will the nurse check before calling the physician?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potassium level. After CABG surgery, the client is taking medications that can affect potassium levels, such as furosemide and digoxin. Nausea and anorexia can be symptoms of hypokalemia, a potential side effect of these medications. Therefore, checking the potassium level is crucial to monitor for any electrolyte imbalances that can lead to adverse effects like cardiac dysrhythmias. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Sodium level - Although important for electrolyte balance, sodium levels are less likely to be affected by the medications mentioned in the scenario and are not typically associated with nausea and anorexia. C: PT/INR - These are coagulation studies and not directly related to the symptoms presented by the client. D: Digoxin level - While monitoring digoxin levels is important for toxicity, the symptoms of nausea and anorexia are more indicative of potential electrolyte imbalances rather than digox
Question 4 of 5
When assessing a client with peripheral arterial disease, the nurse assesses the client for which of the following signs and symptoms that would be consistent with tissue ischemia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Leg pain while walking. Rationale: Leg pain while walking, known as intermittent claudication, is a classic symptom of tissue ischemia in peripheral arterial disease. This occurs due to inadequate blood flow to the muscles during activity. The pain typically resolves with rest. Other options are incorrect: A) Peripheral edema is more indicative of venous insufficiency. B) Widened pulse pressure may be seen in conditions like aortic regurgitation. D) Brownish discoloration suggests chronic venous insufficiency or possible peripheral arterial disease with advanced tissue damage.
Question 5 of 5
A toddler with Kawasaki's disease is going home on salicylate (aspirin) therapy. Which is the priority teaching at the time of discharge?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor the child for gastrointestinal bleeding. This is a priority teaching because salicylate therapy can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in children with Kawasaki's disease. Teaching parents to watch for signs such as black, tarry stools or vomiting blood is crucial for early detection and intervention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding contact with other children, reporting tingling extremities, and maintaining a low-calorie diet are not specific priorities related to salicylate therapy for Kawasaki's disease.