A patient with diabetes is being discharged after a prolonged hospitalization. Which of the following should the nurse include in discharge instructions?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Regularly checking blood glucose levels is crucial for diabetic patients to monitor their condition and adjust treatment as needed. This helps in managing blood sugar levels effectively and preventing complications. Choice B is incorrect because stopping insulin abruptly can lead to dangerous fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Choice C is incorrect because while exercise is important for diabetic patients, vigorous exercise every day may not be suitable for everyone and should be discussed with healthcare providers. Choice D is incorrect as carbohydrates are an essential source of energy and nutrients for the body. Diabetic patients can still consume carbohydrates in controlled portions as part of a balanced diet.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Administer an antiemetic as prescribed. Administering an antiemetic helps alleviate nausea and vomiting, providing relief to the patient. This action is based on evidence-based practice and helps improve the patient's comfort and well-being. Offering clear fluids immediately (choice A) may exacerbate nausea. Waiting for the nausea to subside on its own (choice C) may prolong the patient's discomfort. Assessing vital signs (choice D) is important but may not directly address the immediate symptom of nausea.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hyperglycemia. Patients with diabetes are at risk for high blood sugar levels, leading to hyperglycemia. This can result in various complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. The nurse should monitor the patient's blood glucose levels regularly to prevent these serious complications. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: Hypoglycemia - While hypoglycemia is a concern for diabetic patients, hyperglycemia is a more common and immediate risk. B: Hyperkalemia - While hyperkalemia can occur in some diabetic patients, hyperglycemia is a more common and primary concern. C: Hypotension - While diabetic patients can experience hypotension, hyperglycemia poses a more immediate threat to their health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging early ambulation to prevent complications. Early ambulation after abdominal surgery helps prevent postoperative complications like deep vein thrombosis and pneumonia. It promotes circulation, aids in bowel function, and reduces the risk of atelectasis. Encouraging the patient to move also helps with pain management and overall recovery. Choice A: Administering antiemetics as needed. While addressing nausea and vomiting is important, it is not the top priority in this case. Choice C: Providing wound care and dressing changes. Wound care is crucial, but ensuring early ambulation takes precedence to prevent complications. Choice D: Monitoring for signs of infection. While monitoring for infection is essential, promoting early ambulation is a proactive measure to prevent various complications and enhance recovery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. This statement indicates the need for further education because it suggests the patient plans to stop taking medication once blood pressure is normal, which can lead to hypertension returning. Monitoring blood pressure, taking medication as prescribed, and decreasing sodium intake are all appropriate actions for managing hypertension. Stopping medication abruptly can be dangerous and should only be done under a healthcare provider's guidance.